T1: History of Public Health Nursing Flashcards
Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601
guaranteed assistance for poor, blind, and “lame” individuals
Public Health Service (PHS)
established in 1798 as the Marine Hospital Service; provided health care for merchant seamen and protected seacoast cities from epidemics.
Shattuck Report
this report called for major innovations; the establishment of a state health department and local health boards in every town; sanitary surveys and collection of vital statistics; environmental sanitation; food, drug, and communicable disease control; well-childcare; health education; tobacco and alcohol control; town planning; and the teaching of preventive medicine in medical schools.
Florence Nightingale
nurse in the Crimean War, sanitation and improved environmental conditions; founder of modern nursing
William Rathbone
founded first district nursing association in Liverpool, England
Based on the care William Rathbone’s wife received from a Nightingale trained nurse…
he wanted to offer similar care to those in poor areas who were unable to afford private nurses
Settlement Houses
neighborhood centers that became hubs for health care, education and social welfare programs
Lillian Wald
Founder of public health nursing
Lillian Wald established the
Henry Street Settlement
National Organization for Public Health Nursing (NOPHN)
the goal was to “improve the educational and services standard of the public health nurse and promote public understanding and respect for her work.”
first president of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing (NOPHN)
Lillian Wald
American Red Cross
Clara Barton; through its Rural Nursing Service, initiated home nursing care in areas outside larger cities
first occupational health nurse
Ada Mayo Stewart
first United States school nurse
Lina Rodgers
who developed Frontier Nursing Service
Mary Brekinridge
Frontier Nursing Service
nurse traveled by mule and horseback to isolated rural clients
Bessie Hawes
received the first scholarship from the National Health Circle for Colored People (first colored nurse)
National League for Nursing (NLN) recommended
establishing basic nursing preparation colleges and universities
medicare
A federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older
Medicaid
A federal and state assistance program that pays for health care services for people who cannot afford them. (diabled)
Healthy people proposed…
a national strategy to improve significantly the health of Americans by preventing or delaying the onset of major chronic illnesses, injuries, and infectious diseases.
3 major life events in a person’s life
the day you were born, someone gets sick, and death
Public Health Nursing
emphasizes the promotion of health, the prevention of disease and disability, and the creation of conditions in which all people can be healthy
what type of prevention is the focus in public health nursing
primary
primary prevention
educating to prevent illness; both primary care and public health services that are designed to meet the basic needs of people in communities at an affordable cost
secondary prevention
services designed to detect and treat disease in the early acute stage
tertiary prevention
services designed to limit the progression of disease or disability
3 levels of public health practice
Individual-focused
Community-focused
Systems-focused
population-focused
Primary emphasis is on POPULATIONS whose members are free-living in the community as opposed to those who are institutionalized.
population or aggregate
a collection of individuals who have one or more personal or environmental characteristics in common
** Diabetic Patients in a Community
Population Description:**
Common Characteristic: Individuals diagnosed with diabetes.
Location: Residents of a specific community or geographic area.
Demographic Factors: Could include age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, etc.
subpopulation
group within a larger group
Community-oriented nursing
can focus either on the COMMUNITY (POPULATION-FOCUSED) or on individuals, families, and groups.
health and preventive focus
The primary emphasis is on strategies for health promotion, health maintenance, and disease prevention, particularly primary and secondary prevention.
example of community oriented nursing
preventing disease and disability, promoting health;
A community health nurse conducts educational workshops on diabetes prevention in a community center.
community-based nursing
only focuses on “ILLNESS CARE” INDIVIDUALS and families across the life span
example of community based nursing
A school nurse manages the health needs of students in a local school.
They administer medications, provide first aid for injuries, and conduct health screenings for vision, hearing, and scoliosis.
The nurse also develops care plans for students with special health needs and educates the school community about health and wellness topics.
3 core functions of public health nursing
assessment, policy development, assurance
assessment
Systematic data collection on the population, monitoring the population’s health status, and making information available about the health of the community.
Policy Development
Efforts to develop policies that support the health of the population, including using a scientific knowledge base to make policy decisions
assurance
Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available and carried out
what is the simplest and most economical method to do a survey
windshield survey
best time to survey is
right in the morning and at night
