T3: Determinants of Health

Question 1

vulnerability

Answer 1

susceptibility to actual or potential stressors that may lead to an adverse effect

Question 2

vulnerable populations are those at greater risk for…

Answer 2

poor health status and health care access

Question 3

epidemiological triangle

Answer 3

the agent, host, and environment that interact to produce illness or poor health

Question 4

Web of Causation Mode

Answer 4

Interaction among many variables creates a more powerful combination of factors that predispose the person to illness

Question 5

vulnerable population groups

Answer 5

a subgroup of the population that is more likely to develop health problems (poor, homeless, pregnant adolescents, immigrants, severe mentally ill, substance users, abused, HIV, immigrants, elderly)

Question 6

human capital

Answer 6

refers to all the strengths, knowledge, and skills that enable a person to live a productive, happy life

Question 7

Disenfranchisement

Answer 7

refers to a feeling of separation from mainstream society

Question 8

what is the primary cause of vulnerability

Answer 8

poverty

Question 9

health disparity

Answer 9

racial or ethical differences in the quality of care that are not due to access-related factors or clinical needs, preferences, and appropriateness of intervention

Question 10

social determinants of health

Answer 10

the conditions in which we are born, we grow and age and in which we live and work. The factors impact our health and well being

Question 11

examples of social determinants of health

Answer 11

childhood experiences, housing, education, social support, family income, employment, our communities, access to health services

Question 12

poverty

Answer 12

primary cause of vulnerability

Question 13

wraparound services

Answer 13

services that offer social and economic interventions, preferably within the healthcare provider setting to better ensure that full services are provided for complex patient needs

Question 14

comprehensive services

Answer 14

health services that focus on more than one health problem or concern

Question 15

linguistically appropriate health care

Answer 15

communication health-related information in the recipient’s primary language when possible and always in a language the recipient can understand

Question 16

intimate partner violence (IPV)

Answer 16

violence that occurs between individuals who maintain a romantic or sexual relationship

Question 17

consequences of IPV injury

Answer 17

injury, death, physical health problems, depression, anxiety, PTSD

Question 18

clinical indicators suggestive of IPV

Answer 18

• Injuries not consistent with history
• Multiple injuries in various stages of healing
• Somatic complains of unknown origin
• Pattern of difficulty in keeping appointments
• Increased anxiety in the partners presence
• Partners refusal to allow the client private time with the provider

Question 19

elder abuse

Answer 19

the physical, financial or psychological mistreatment or neglect of elderly individuals

Question 20

how to implement care for vulnerable populations

Answer 20

Create trusting environment, show respect, compassion, and concern, do not make assumptions, coordinate services and providers, advocate for accessible health care services, focus on prevention, know when to “walk beside” the client and when to encourage the client to “walk ahead,” know what resources are available, develop your own support network

Question 21

Target areas for prevention

Answer 21

Smoking
Nutrition
Immunizations
Environmental health

Question 22

Chronic Care Model

Answer 22

focused on proactive evidenced based, population based, & patient-centered care for patients with chronic medical conditions

Question 23

community care settings

Answer 23

senior centers, adult day health, home health and hospice, assisted living, long-term care and rehabilitation

Question 24

migrant worker

Answer 24

a worker who moves place to place seasonally looking for work, can be within the same country or between different countries

Question 25

Migrant Health Act

Answer 25

legislation passed in the United States in 1962 that provides support for clinics serving agricultural workers. Grants were given to community-based and state organizations in the United States and its territories to enable them to provide culturally sensitive, comprehensive medical services to migrant and seasonal farmworkers and their families.

Question 26

refugees

Answer 26

people fleeing conflict or persecution, they are defined and protected in international law and must not be expelled or returned to situation where their life and freedom are at risk

Question 27

population characteristics and cultural considerations for rural populations

Answer 27

o Higher proportion of whites
o Higher than average numbers of younger and older residents
o More likely to be married or widowed
o Fewer years of formal education
o Tend to be poorer
o Higher risk for being underinsures or uninsured

Question 28

health status of rural residents

Answer 28

o Generally have a poorer perception of their overall health and functional status.
o Less likely to engage in preventive behavior.
o More likely to have one or more of the following chronic conditions: heart disease, COPD, hypertension, arthritis and rheumatism, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
o Tend to have poorer health and less likely to seek medical care.
o Traveling time and/or distance to ambulatory care services affects access to care.

Question 29

human trafficking

Answer 29

The illegal trade of human beings, a modern-day form of slavery, for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation, forced labor, or involuntary military combat.

Question 30

homelessness

Answer 30

lacking a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence and…has a primary nighttime residency that is: (A) a supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designed to provide temporary living accommodations; (B) an institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized; or (C) a public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings

Question 31

a great amount of homeless people are…

Answer 31

families

Question 32

homelessness and children

Answer 32

The lack of consistency, routine, privacy, safety and more can make it hard for kids to flourish socially, emotionally and academically.

Question 33

50% of homeless veterans suffer from

Answer 33

PTSD

Question 34

40% of homeless veterans report

Answer 34

problem alcohol use