T3: Determinants of Health Flashcards
vulnerability
susceptibility to actual or potential stressors that may lead to an adverse effect
vulnerable populations are those at greater risk for…
poor health status and health care access
epidemiological triangle
the agent, host, and environment that interact to produce illness or poor health
Web of Causation Mode
Interaction among many variables creates a more powerful combination of factors that predispose the person to illness
vulnerable population groups
a subgroup of the population that is more likely to develop health problems (poor, homeless, pregnant adolescents, immigrants, severe mentally ill, substance users, abused, HIV, immigrants, elderly)
human capital
refers to all the strengths, knowledge, and skills that enable a person to live a productive, happy life
Disenfranchisement
refers to a feeling of separation from mainstream society
what is the primary cause of vulnerability
poverty
health disparity
racial or ethical differences in the quality of care that are not due to access-related factors or clinical needs, preferences, and appropriateness of intervention
social determinants of health
the conditions in which we are born, we grow and age and in which we live and work. The factors impact our health and well being
examples of social determinants of health
childhood experiences, housing, education, social support, family income, employment, our communities, access to health services
poverty
primary cause of vulnerability
wraparound services
services that offer social and economic interventions, preferably within the healthcare provider setting to better ensure that full services are provided for complex patient needs
comprehensive services
health services that focus on more than one health problem or concern
linguistically appropriate health care
communication health-related information in the recipient’s primary language when possible and always in a language the recipient can understand
intimate partner violence (IPV)
violence that occurs between individuals who maintain a romantic or sexual relationship
consequences of IPV injury
injury, death, physical health problems, depression, anxiety, PTSD
clinical indicators suggestive of IPV
- Injuries not consistent with history
- Multiple injuries in various stages of healing
- Somatic complains of unknown origin
- Pattern of difficulty in keeping appointments
- Increased anxiety in the partners presence
- Partners refusal to allow the client private time with the provider
elder abuse
the physical, financial or psychological mistreatment or neglect of elderly individuals
how to implement care for vulnerable populations
Create trusting environment, show respect, compassion, and concern, do not make assumptions, coordinate services and providers, advocate for accessible health care services, focus on prevention, know when to “walk beside” the client and when to encourage the client to “walk ahead,” know what resources are available, develop your own support network
Target areas for prevention
Smoking
Nutrition
Immunizations
Environmental health
Chronic Care Model
focused on proactive evidenced based, population based, & patient-centered care for patients with chronic medical conditions
community care settings
senior centers, adult day health, home health and hospice, assisted living, long-term care and rehabilitation
migrant worker
a worker who moves place to place seasonally looking for work, can be within the same country or between different countries
Migrant Health Act
legislation passed in the United States in 1962 that provides support for clinics serving agricultural workers. Grants were given to community-based and state organizations in the United States and its territories to enable them to provide culturally sensitive, comprehensive medical services to migrant and seasonal farmworkers and their families.
refugees
people fleeing conflict or persecution, they are defined and protected in international law and must not be expelled or returned to situation where their life and freedom are at risk
population characteristics and cultural considerations for rural populations
o Higher proportion of whites
o Higher than average numbers of younger and older residents
o More likely to be married or widowed
o Fewer years of formal education
o Tend to be poorer
o Higher risk for being underinsures or uninsured
health status of rural residents
o Generally have a poorer perception of their overall health and functional status.
o Less likely to engage in preventive behavior.
o More likely to have one or more of the following chronic conditions: heart disease, COPD, hypertension, arthritis and rheumatism, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
o Tend to have poorer health and less likely to seek medical care.
o Traveling time and/or distance to ambulatory care services affects access to care.
human trafficking
The illegal trade of human beings, a modern-day form of slavery, for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation, forced labor, or involuntary military combat.
homelessness
lacking a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence and…has a primary nighttime residency that is: (A) a supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designed to provide temporary living accommodations; (B) an institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized; or (C) a public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings
a great amount of homeless people are…
families
homelessness and children
The lack of consistency, routine, privacy, safety and more can make it hard for kids to flourish socially, emotionally and academically.
50% of homeless veterans suffer from
PTSD
40% of homeless veterans report
problem alcohol use
