T7- Fertility and infertility

Question 1

How to barrier techniques work?

Answer 1

creation of a physical boundary between gametes; prevents fertilization

Question 2

How do long acting hormonal techniques work?

Answer 2

synthetic hormones are introduced into the body

Question 3

What can long acting hormonal techniques (LAHT) do?

Answer 3

• inhibit ovulation by preventing release of fsh and lh
• changing uterine lining; preventing fertilization
• thickening of cervical mucous

Question 4

Associated health risks of LAHT

Answer 4

venous thromboses

Question 5

Using _________ instead of ___________ reduces the risk of VT

Answer 5

estradiol; ethynil estradiol

Question 6

In what instance does the lowest risk of VT occur?

Answer 6

in women who used COC’s containing levonorgestrel

Question 7

How do short acting hormonal techniques work

Answer 7

delivers high amounts of synthetic progesterone which delays ovulation

Question 8

How do hormonal IUD’s work?

Answer 8

they release progestin which delays ovulation and causes cervical mucous to thicken; influences both oocyte and sperm cell

Question 9

How does copper IUD work?

Answer 9

creates an intrauterine inflammatory response; influences sperm cell and prevents implantation

Question 10

Fertility tracking

Answer 10

used to determine ovulation

Question 11

Methods used during fertility tracking to determine ovulation

Answer 11

• calendar method
• monitoring cervical mucous
• monitoring basal body temperature
• ovulation test kits
• mittelschmerz

Question 12

Congenital malformation that may affect male fertility

Answer 12

absence of ductus deferens

Question 13

Congenital malformation that may affect female fertility

Answer 13

uterine septa or bicornate uterus

Question 14

Local infections that may affect male fertility

Answer 14

epididymitis (adhesions and scar tissue)

Question 15

Local infections that may affect female fertility

Answer 15

endometriosis (adhesions and scar tissue)

Question 16

Chromosomal abnormalities that affect male fertility

Answer 16

Anosmic hypogonadism, cystic fibrosis, fragile X syndrome

Question 17

Chromosomal abnormalities that affect female fertility

Answer 17

Monosomy X, Fragile X syndrome

Question 18

Initial screening tests (female)

Answer 18

visualiation of uterus and uterine tubes,

confirmation of regular hormonal cycles, estimation of ovarian reserves

Question 19

Visulization of uterus and uterine tubes involves what two things?

Answer 19

Pelvic ultrasound and sonohysterogram

Question 20

confirmation of regular hormonal cycles involves what

Answer 20

day 3 blood work and AMH levels

Question 21

Estimation of ovarian reserves involves what

Answer 21

Using FSH and AMH results

Question 22

Initial screening tests (male)

Answer 22

Semen analysis

Question 23

Semen analysis checks for what?

Answer 23

sperm count, motility, morphology, and vitality

Question 24

Fertility treatments

Low dose stimulation of gamete production

Answer 24

• pill taken on days 2-5 of menstural cycle

- negative feed back on estrogen is supressed so more FSH is secreted causing superovulation

Question 25

Fertility treatments

High dose stimulation of gamete production

Answer 25

• injected FSH and LH are given on days 2-9 of menstrual cycle causing superovulation
• HCG is also injected at day 14 to induce ovulation

Question 26

Fertility treatments

Assisted in-vivo fertilization

Answer 26

• injected FSH and LH are given on days 2-9 of menstrual cycle causing superovulation
• HCG is also injected at day 14 to induce ovulation
• intrauterine or tubal placement of sperm or sperm+oocyte

Question 27

Fertility treatments

Intercytoplasmic sperm injection

Answer 27

sperm is injected into oocyte