T7- Fertility and infertility Flashcards
How to barrier techniques work?
creation of a physical boundary between gametes; prevents fertilization
How do long acting hormonal techniques work?
synthetic hormones are introduced into the body
What can long acting hormonal techniques (LAHT) do?
- inhibit ovulation by preventing release of fsh and lh
- changing uterine lining; preventing fertilization
- thickening of cervical mucous
Associated health risks of LAHT
venous thromboses
Using _________ instead of ___________ reduces the risk of VT
estradiol; ethynil estradiol
In what instance does the lowest risk of VT occur?
in women who used COC’s containing levonorgestrel
How do short acting hormonal techniques work
delivers high amounts of synthetic progesterone which delays ovulation
How do hormonal IUD’s work?
they release progestin which delays ovulation and causes cervical mucous to thicken; influences both oocyte and sperm cell
How does copper IUD work?
creates an intrauterine inflammatory response; influences sperm cell and prevents implantation
Fertility tracking
used to determine ovulation
Methods used during fertility tracking to determine ovulation
- calendar method
- monitoring cervical mucous
- monitoring basal body temperature
- ovulation test kits
- mittelschmerz
Congenital malformation that may affect male fertility
absence of ductus deferens
Congenital malformation that may affect female fertility
uterine septa or bicornate uterus
Local infections that may affect male fertility
epididymitis (adhesions and scar tissue)
Local infections that may affect female fertility
endometriosis (adhesions and scar tissue)
Chromosomal abnormalities that affect male fertility
Anosmic hypogonadism, cystic fibrosis, fragile X syndrome
Chromosomal abnormalities that affect female fertility
Monosomy X, Fragile X syndrome
Initial screening tests (female)
visualiation of uterus and uterine tubes,
confirmation of regular hormonal cycles, estimation of ovarian reserves
Visulization of uterus and uterine tubes involves what two things?
Pelvic ultrasound and sonohysterogram
confirmation of regular hormonal cycles involves what
day 3 blood work and AMH levels
Estimation of ovarian reserves involves what
Using FSH and AMH results
Initial screening tests (male)
Semen analysis
Semen analysis checks for what?
sperm count, motility, morphology, and vitality
Fertility treatments
Low dose stimulation of gamete production
- pill taken on days 2-5 of menstural cycle
- negative feed back on estrogen is supressed so more FSH is secreted causing superovulation
Fertility treatments
High dose stimulation of gamete production
- injected FSH and LH are given on days 2-9 of menstrual cycle causing superovulation
- HCG is also injected at day 14 to induce ovulation
Fertility treatments
Assisted in-vivo fertilization
- injected FSH and LH are given on days 2-9 of menstrual cycle causing superovulation
- HCG is also injected at day 14 to induce ovulation
- intrauterine or tubal placement of sperm or sperm+oocyte
Fertility treatments
Intercytoplasmic sperm injection
sperm is injected into oocyte
