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T10- Cardiovascular system development Flashcards

1
Q

Pectinate muscles

A

Trabiculated muscles that line right and left atria

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2
Q

Sinus venarium

A

smooth reigon of atrial wall between openings of vena cava

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3
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

located on interatrial septum; embryological location of foramen ovale

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4
Q

Right auricle

A

flap that externally overlaps the ascending aorta

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5
Q

Interatrial septum

A

separates right and left atrium

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6
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

where deox blood passes through RA to RV

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7
Q

What is the tricuspid and bicuspid valve held in place by?

A

chordae tendinae which are connected to papillary muscles

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8
Q

What are trabiculae carnae

A

muscular, irregular ridges in RV

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9
Q

Interventricular septum

A

separates right and left vetricles

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10
Q

Blood flow of deox blood

A

pulmonary valve->pulmonary trunk->left/right pulmonary arteries-> lungs

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11
Q

Oxy blood enters LA via:

A

right/left superior and inferior pulmonary veins

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12
Q

Where is the valve of the foramen ovale located

A

Left atrium

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13
Q

Blood exits LA via what

A

Bicuspid valve

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14
Q

Blood flow of oxy blood

A

aortic valve->aorta

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15
Q

Coronary sinus opens into what

A

right atrium

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16
Q

When and how do cells of primordial heart and primordial BV appear

A

middle of third week as a U-shaped heart field

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17
Q

Splanchnopleure differentiates into what

A

angioblasts which cluster as angioblastic cords

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18
Q

Angioblastic cords canalize to form what

A

endocardial heart tubes

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19
Q

How do endocardial heart tubes fuse as a single heart tube

A

lateral folding

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20
Q

Heart tube is suspended in the pericardial cavity via what

A

Dorsal mesocardium

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21
Q

Super cool thing #1 (days 22-28)

A

dorsal mesocardium degrades into transverse pericardial sinus

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22
Q

Super cool thing #2 (days 22-28)

A

3 layers of heart: endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium

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23
Q

Endocardium

A

inner endothelial lining derived from endothelial tube

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24
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle muscular layer derived from splanchnic mesoderm; starts off as cardiac jelly

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25
Epicardium
Comes from secondary heart field; forms coronary vessels
26
Heart looping What is it?
A series of contractions and dialations of the heart tube
27
Heart looping Position of truncus arteriosus (TA)
continuous cranially with aortic sac; stuck in position because of pharyngeal arch arteries
28
Heart looping Sinus venosus (SV)
recieves venous blood; "stuck" in position because of septum transversum
29
Heart looping Step 1
BC and PV grow faster than rest of heart tube initiating "looping"
30
Heart looping Step 1: how does the cranial end of heart tube move?
The cranial end bends ventrally, caudally, and slightly to the right
31
Heart looping Step 1: how does the caudal end of heart tube move?
The caudal end shifts dorsally, cranially, and slightly to the left
32
Heart looping Step 2
PV and BC start to form trabiculae
33
Heart looping Step 2: what does trabiculated PV become?
Primative left ventricle
34
Heart looping Step 2: what does trabiculated BC become?
Primative right ventricle
35
Heart looping direction (normally)
counterclockwise
36
Dextrocardia
result of clockwise heart looping
37
Whart are initial heart "contractions"
peristalsis like waves that begin caudally at SV and travel cranially toward TA
38
When is uniderectional blood flow clearly established?
by end of week 4
39
What separates primordial atrium from primordial ventricle
Atrioventricular canal
40
Where do dorsal and ventral endocardial cusions form?
on dorsal and ventral surfaces of AV canal
41
Fusion of dorsal and ventral cusions lead to what?
right AV canal and left AV canal
42
Which day is this
day 20
43
Which day is this
day 21
44
Which day is this
day 22
45
Which day is this
day 28
46
When and how do the right and left AV canal form
during week 5, when cushions are invaded by mesenchyme, proliferation causes them to grow and fuse together
47
Interatrial septum formation How does the septum primum grow?
from the roof of the primordial atria, down towards the center endocardial cushion
48
What is the foramen primum?
the space between the leading edge of septum primum and central endocardial cushion
49
Fate of sinus venosus veins on the right Right sinus horn
Becomes incorporated into the right atrium forming the smooth sinus venarium of the dorsal right atrium; connects superior and inferior vena cava
50
Fate of sinus venosus veins on the right Right common cardinal vein
Forms a portion of the SVC
51
Fate of sinus venosus veins on the right Right anterior cardinal vein
- during the 8th week a venous shunt forms which connects the right and left ant. cardinal veins, this shifts bloodflow from left to right - forms portion of the SVC caudal to the shunt
52
What does the venous shunt that forms at the 8th week become?
The left brachiocephalic vein
53
Right posterior cardinal vein
develops with early kidneys; transforms and regresses along with those tissues
54
Fate of sinus venosus on the right Right umbillical vein
regresses
55
Fate of the sinus venosus on the right Right vitelline vein
- forms a portion of the IVC - forms most of the hepatic portal system
56
Fate of the sinus venousus on the left Left Sinus horn
Becomes coronary sinus
57
Fate of the sinus venousus on the left Left common cardinal vein
regresses
58
Fate of the sinus venousus on the left Left anterior cardinal vein
Same thing as the right anterior cardinal vein except caudal to the shunt, the left anterior cardinal vein regresses
59
Fate of the sinus venousus on the left Left posterior cardinal vein
develops with the early kidneys; will transform and regress along with those tissues
60
Fate of sinus venosus on the left side Left umbillical vein
- Cranial part (between heart and liver) regresses - Caudal part persists as umbillical vein
61
What is the ductus venosus and what does it do
it is a large venous shunt that connects the umbillical vein to the IVC so that embryonic oxygenated blood can bypass the liver and go directly to the heart
62
Fate of the sinus venosus on the left side Left vitelline vein
regresses
63
Fate of vitelline arteries
Celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesentaric artery
64
Fate of umbillical arteries
Proximal parts: become internal illiac arteries and superior vesicle arteries Distal parts: become medial umbillical ligaments
65
Vitelline arteries in embryo
travels along omphaloenteric duct towards umbillical vessicle
66
Umbillical arteries in embryo
Branches off the dorsal aorta and travels along the umbillical cord carrying poorly oxygenated blood towards the placenta
67
Dorsal aortae in embryo
- Connected to Aortic Sac via Pharyngeal Arch Arteries within pharyngeal arches - Initially, paired Dorsal Aortae run the entire length of the embryo
68
Fate of dorsal aortae
Left side becomes the primative aorta and the right side regresses Caudal portions fuse to form a single thoracic/abdominal aorta
69
What happens to the first pharyngeal arch arteries?
They largely disappear, but the remnants form part of the maxillary arteries
70
What happens to the second pharyngeal arch arteries
They largely disappear, but the dorsal remnants form the stem of the very small Stapedial arteries
71
What happens with the third pharyngeal arch arteries
Proximal parts form the common carotid arteries Distal parts join the distal aorta to form the interal carotid arteries
72
Where do the external carotid come from?
They are an offshoot from the root of the ICA
73
Which week is this
week 8 onwards
74
What do the 4th pharyngeal arch arteries form
the proximal part of the right subclavian artery, and on the left, a small segment of the aortic arch
75
What happens to the 5th Pharyngeal Arch arteries
absent or rudimentary and will degenerate
76
What happens to the 6th Pharyngeal Arch arteries
On the right, the proximal part forms a small portion of the Right Pulmonary artery; distal part degenerates On the left, the proximal part forms a small portion of the left pulmonary artery; distal part forms the ductus arteriosus
77
Fate of the Umbillical vein
Becomes the **ligamentum teres**
78
What is the function of the superior vesicle arteries in the neonate
supplys the bladder with arterial blood
79
What does the ductus venosus become
The ligamentum venosum
80
What does the ductus arteriosus become
ligamentum arteriosum

Embryology (14 decks)

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