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Embryology > T3-Fertiliation and The First Two Weeks > Flashcards

T3-Fertiliation and The First Two Weeks Flashcards

1
Q

Phase 1 of fertilization

A

Penetration of Corona Radiata

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2
Q

In Phase 1 of fertilization, the movement of sperm tail allows what (2 things)

A

Sperm to pass freely through the Corona Radiata and for penetration of the follicular cells

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3
Q

Phase 2 of fertilization

A

Penetration of Zona Pellucida

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4
Q

Receptors on Zona Pellucida

A

ZP3 sperm receptors

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5
Q

Acrosome reaction

A

Triggered when ZP3 binding molecule on acrosomal membrane (sperm) binds with ZP3 on zona pellucida (egg)

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6
Q

Phase 3 of fertilization

A

Fusion of the sperm and oocyte cell membrane

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7
Q

IZUMO

A

egg binding protiens on inner acrosomal membrane of sperm cells

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8
Q

JUNO receptors

A

receptors on oocyte cell membranes

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9
Q

Sperm oocyte contact triggers what

A

cortical granules to release lysosomal enzymes aka the cortical reaction

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10
Q

The cortical reaction triggers

A

the zona reaction and shedding of JUNO receptors

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11
Q

Results of fertilization

A

Formation of female and male pronucleus

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12
Q

Formation of female pronuclus

A

secondary oocyte completes MD-II and the nucleus of the mature oocyte transforms into female pronucleus

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13
Q

Formation of male pronucleus

A

nucleus of sperm cell enlarges

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14
Q

Ootid

A

about 12hrs old and contains two pronuclei

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15
Q

When the chromosomes from the sperm and egg join the ootid is now called a what

A

zygote

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16
Q

Cleavage age

A

1 day old

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17
Q

Morula features

A

3 days old; 12-32 blastomeres

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18
Q

Mitotic divisions of the zygote produces this

A

blastomeres

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19
Q

Totipotent blastomere definition

A

has the ability to develop into both intra-embryonic and extra embryonic structures

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20
Q

When does compaction begin?

A

after the 8 cell stage between 3rd and 4th cleavage

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21
Q

What two structures does compaction result in?

A

Trophoblast (outer cell mass) and embryoblast (inner cell mass)

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22
Q

Features of Trophoblast (2)

A

Will contribute to extra-embryonic tissues such as the placenta but no contribution to the embryo

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23
Q

Features of embryoblast

A

Will form embryo proper, amniotic membrane, and the lining of the primative umbilical vessicle

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24
Q

Time when morula enters uterine cavitiy

A

about 4 days after fertilization

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25
The blastocystic cavity forms when
fluid passes into the morula through the zona pellucida from the uterine cavity
26
Morula in uterine cavity is called
blastocyst
27
Establishing polarity
occurs when blastocystic cavity pushes the inner cell mass to one side
28
Between which days does the blastocyst hatch
4 and 6
29
Hatching is facillitated by what
proteolytic enzymes from the trophoblast which degenerate the Zona Pellucida
30
Dizygotic twins
two independently fertilized eggs
31
Monozygotic twins
one fertilized egg splits into two
32
Events of early blastocyst implantation occur between which days?
6 -10
33
Implantation into uterine wall: Events of day 6
blastocyst contacts uterine mucosa; blastocyst is said to be captured
34
Implantation into uterine wall: Events of day 7
formation of syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
35
Implantation into the uterine wall: Events of day 8
errosion of maternal blood vessels and production of hCG by syncytiotrophoblast
36
Implantation into the uterine wall: Events of day 9
vacuoloes that appear in syncytium will fuse to form lacunae; lacunar stage of trophoblast development
37
Implantation Events of day 10
Blastocyst embeds deeper into uterine tissue; formation of closing plug in endometrial surface defect
38
Implantation into uterine wall Days 10 and 11
Adjacent lacunae fuse, forming lacunar networks filled with embryotroph
39
Embryotroph
Blood+glandular cell debris
40
Implantation into the uterine wall Days 11 and 12
Maternal blood from eroded endometrial BVs flows through lacunar networks; initiation of uroplacental circulation
41
Implantation into the uterine wall Days 12 and 13
Defect in endometrial endothelium is repaired
42
Day 21 (gestational age)
first contact with uterine wall occurs
43
Day 26 (gestational age)
fully implanted in uterine wall
44
Bilaminar Disc Formation Day 8
Embryoblast (inner cell mass) differentiates into Hypoblast Layer and Epiblast Layer
45
Hypoblast Layer
small cuboidal cells adjacent to the exocoelemic cavity
46
Epiblast Layer
tall columnar cells adjacent to the amniotic cavity
47
Exocoelemic cavity is aka what
Primary umbillical vessicle
48
Hypoblast+Exocoelomic membrane together line what?
Exocoelemic cavity
49
Epiblast+Amnion together line what?
amniotic cavity
50
Bilaminar Disc Formation Day 9
extraembryonic meosderm appears
51
Extraembryonic mesoderm does what?
surrounds the exocoelemic cavity/primary umbillical vessicle
52
Bilaminar Disc Formation Day 12
Cavities form within the extraembryonic mesoderm called the extraembryonic spaces
53
Bilaminar Disc Formation Day 13 (2 things)
Exrraembryonic coelomic spaces fuse creating the extraembryonic coelom (chorionic cavity) Primary umbillical vessicle begins to be pinched off creating the secondary umbillicle vessicle
54
Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm
adjacent to cytotrophoblast + covers amnion
55
Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm
covers secondary umbillicle vesicle
56
Extraembryonic coelom/chorionic cavity surrounds what?
the amnion and the exocoelomic cavity/umbillicle vessicle EXCEPT at the connecting stalk
57
Bilaminar disc= (2 things)
epiblast+hypoblast
58
Bilaminar disc formation Day 14 (2 things)
Larger part of primary vessicle may persist as as an exocoelomic cyst Hypoblast at the cranial end become tall columnar cells forminng the prechordal plate (site of future mouth)
59
Which day is this
Day 6
60
Which day is this
Day 7
61
Which day is this?
Day 8
62
Which day is this?
Day 9
63
Which day is this?
Day 10
64
Which day is this?
Day 12
65
Migrating ___________ cells form the _____________ membrane
hypoblast; exocoelomic
66
Migrating ___________ cells separate and become _____________ forming the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
epiblast; amnioblasts; amnion

Embryology (14 decks)

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