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Embryology > T3-Fertiliation and The First Two Weeks > Flashcards

T3-Fertiliation and The First Two Weeks Flashcards

1
Q

Phase 1 of fertilization

A

Penetration of Corona Radiata

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2
Q

In Phase 1 of fertilization, the movement of sperm tail allows what (2 things)

A

Sperm to pass freely through the Corona Radiata and for penetration of the follicular cells

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3
Q

Phase 2 of fertilization

A

Penetration of Zona Pellucida

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4
Q

Receptors on Zona Pellucida

A

ZP3 sperm receptors

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5
Q

Acrosome reaction

A

Triggered when ZP3 binding molecule on acrosomal membrane (sperm) binds with ZP3 on zona pellucida (egg)

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6
Q

Phase 3 of fertilization

A

Fusion of the sperm and oocyte cell membrane

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7
Q

IZUMO

A

egg binding protiens on inner acrosomal membrane of sperm cells

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8
Q

JUNO receptors

A

receptors on oocyte cell membranes

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9
Q

Sperm oocyte contact triggers what

A

cortical granules to release lysosomal enzymes aka the cortical reaction

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10
Q

The cortical reaction triggers

A

the zona reaction and shedding of JUNO receptors

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11
Q

Results of fertilization

A

Formation of female and male pronucleus

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12
Q

Formation of female pronuclus

A

secondary oocyte completes MD-II and the nucleus of the mature oocyte transforms into female pronucleus

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13
Q

Formation of male pronucleus

A

nucleus of sperm cell enlarges

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14
Q

Ootid

A

about 12hrs old and contains two pronuclei

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15
Q

When the chromosomes from the sperm and egg join the ootid is now called a what

A

zygote

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16
Q

Cleavage age

A

1 day old

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17
Q

Morula features

A

3 days old; 12-32 blastomeres

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18
Q

Mitotic divisions of the zygote produces this

A

blastomeres

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19
Q

Totipotent blastomere definition

A

has the ability to develop into both intra-embryonic and extra embryonic structures

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20
Q

When does compaction begin?

A

after the 8 cell stage between 3rd and 4th cleavage

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21
Q

What two structures does compaction result in?

A

Trophoblast (outer cell mass) and embryoblast (inner cell mass)

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22
Q

Features of Trophoblast (2)

A

Will contribute to extra-embryonic tissues such as the placenta but no contribution to the embryo

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23
Q

Features of embryoblast

A

Will form embryo proper, amniotic membrane, and the lining of the primative umbilical vessicle

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24
Q

Time when morula enters uterine cavitiy

A

about 4 days after fertilization

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25
Q

The blastocystic cavity forms when

A

fluid passes into the morula through the zona pellucida from the uterine cavity

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26
Q

Morula in uterine cavity is called

A

blastocyst

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27
Q

Establishing polarity

A

occurs when blastocystic cavity pushes the inner cell mass to one side

28
Q

Between which days does the blastocyst hatch

A

4 and 6

29
Q

Hatching is facillitated by what

A

proteolytic enzymes from the trophoblast which degenerate the Zona Pellucida

30
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

two independently fertilized eggs

31
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

one fertilized egg splits into two

32
Q

Events of early blastocyst implantation occur between which days?

A

6 -10

33
Q

Implantation into uterine wall: Events of day 6

A

blastocyst contacts uterine mucosa; blastocyst is said to be captured

34
Q

Implantation into uterine wall: Events of day 7

A

formation of syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast

35
Q

Implantation into the uterine wall: Events of day 8

A

errosion of maternal blood vessels and production of hCG by syncytiotrophoblast

36
Q

Implantation into the uterine wall: Events of day 9

A

vacuoloes that appear in syncytium will fuse to form lacunae; lacunar stage of trophoblast development

37
Q

Implantation Events of day 10

A

Blastocyst embeds deeper into uterine tissue; formation of closing plug in endometrial surface defect

38
Q

Implantation into uterine wall Days 10 and 11

A

Adjacent lacunae fuse, forming lacunar networks filled with embryotroph

39
Q

Embryotroph

A

Blood+glandular cell debris

40
Q

Implantation into the uterine wall Days 11 and 12

A

Maternal blood from eroded endometrial BVs flows through lacunar networks; initiation of uroplacental circulation

41
Q

Implantation into the uterine wall Days 12 and 13

A

Defect in endometrial endothelium is repaired

42
Q

Day 21 (gestational age)

A

first contact with uterine wall occurs

43
Q

Day 26 (gestational age)

A

fully implanted in uterine wall

44
Q

Bilaminar Disc Formation Day 8

A

Embryoblast (inner cell mass) differentiates into Hypoblast Layer and Epiblast Layer

45
Q

Hypoblast Layer

A

small cuboidal cells adjacent to the exocoelemic cavity

46
Q

Epiblast Layer

A

tall columnar cells adjacent to the amniotic cavity

47
Q

Exocoelemic cavity is aka what

A

Primary umbillical vessicle

48
Q

Hypoblast+Exocoelomic membrane together line what?

A

Exocoelemic cavity

49
Q

Epiblast+Amnion together line what?

A

amniotic cavity

50
Q

Bilaminar Disc Formation Day 9

A

extraembryonic meosderm appears

51
Q

Extraembryonic mesoderm does what?

A

surrounds the exocoelemic cavity/primary umbillical vessicle

52
Q

Bilaminar Disc Formation Day 12

A

Cavities form within the extraembryonic mesoderm called the extraembryonic spaces

53
Q

Bilaminar Disc Formation Day 13 (2 things)

A

Exrraembryonic coelomic spaces fuse creating the extraembryonic coelom (chorionic cavity) Primary umbillical vessicle begins to be pinched off creating the secondary umbillicle vessicle

54
Q

Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm

A

adjacent to cytotrophoblast + covers amnion

55
Q

Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

A

covers secondary umbillicle vesicle

56
Q

Extraembryonic coelom/chorionic cavity surrounds what?

A

the amnion and the exocoelomic cavity/umbillicle vessicle EXCEPT at the connecting stalk

57
Q

Bilaminar disc= (2 things)

A

epiblast+hypoblast

58
Q

Bilaminar disc formation Day 14 (2 things)

A

Larger part of primary vessicle may persist as as an exocoelomic cyst Hypoblast at the cranial end become tall columnar cells forminng the prechordal plate (site of future mouth)

59
Q

Which day is this

A

Day 6

60
Q

Which day is this

A

Day 7

61
Q

Which day is this?

A

Day 8

62
Q

Which day is this?

A

Day 9

63
Q

Which day is this?

A

Day 10

64
Q

Which day is this?

A

Day 12

65
Q

Migrating ___________ cells form the _____________ membrane

A

hypoblast; exocoelomic

66
Q

Migrating ___________ cells separate and become _____________ forming the _____________

A

epiblast; amnioblasts; amnion

Embryology (14 decks)

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