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T4 malaria / tick illness Flashcards

1
Q

Which mosquito most often carries Malaria?

A

Female Anopholes

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2
Q

What are the 5 forms of malaria protozoa?

A

Plasmodium:

  • falciparum (Africa)
  • vivax (India and S. america)
  • ovale
  • malariae
  • knowlesi (SE asia-Malaysia)
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3
Q

Deaths from malaria occur most often in which age group?

A

Children

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4
Q

Areas of concern for malaria?

A

Central america
South america
india
africa

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5
Q

Other modes of transmission for Malaria besides mosquito?

A

Transfusion
organ transplant
needle sharing
mother to fetus

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6
Q

Mosquito bite prevention?

A
  • Insect repellent
  • anopheles nocturnal feeders
  • mosquito netting
  • permethrin clothes
  • chemoprophylaxis
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7
Q

______is a medication for malaria chemoprophylaxis. Used primarily for central america.

A

Chloroquine

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8
Q

Timeframe needed to take chloroquine?

A

Weekly dosing through 4 weeks after return

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9
Q

Other chemoprophylaxis used for malaria which has no resistance to date?

A

Atovaquone / Proguanil (Malarone)

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10
Q

Timeframe needed to take Atovaquone?

A

Daily dosing to continue through 7 days after return

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11
Q

Which chemoprophylaxis can cause SE including depression, confusion, night terrors, hallucinations?

A

Mefloquine (Lariam)

Weekly dosing to continue through 4 weeks after return

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12
Q

Which chemoprophylaxis is the only one approved in pregnancy?

A

Mefloquine (Lariam)
or
chloroquine

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13
Q

Which chemoprophylaxis has some resistance in Cambodia, Laos, Burma?

A

Mefloquine (Lariam)

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14
Q

Doxycycline can be used as chemoprophylaxis for malaria. What should you be cautious about?

A

Sun sensitivity

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15
Q

T/F: Primaquine is used alone as a prophylaxis for Ovale.

A

False: it is not used as single agent.

used for vivax

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16
Q

Which med(s) should not be given to G6PD deficiency patients?

A

Primaquine

Tafenoquine

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17
Q

Typical s/sx of malaira?

A

Cyclical:

Fever, chills, HA, myalgias

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18
Q

S/Sx of severe cases of malaria?

A 
Seizures
confusion
RF
ARDS
Coma
death
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19
Q

Gold standard test for Malaria?

A

Thick and thin blood smears

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20
Q

Standard treatment in the US for malaria/

A

Atovaquone/Proquanil

4 tablets PO qd x 3 days

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21
Q

Referred to as “bone break fever”?

A

Dengue Fever

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22
Q

T/F: dengue fever is a mosquito borne virus?

A

True

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23
Q

S/Sx of dengue fever

A

fatigue
fever
EXTREME muscle and body aches

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24
Q

Areas that have Dengue fever

A

asia
central A.
South A.
Africa

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25
Tx for dengue fever
Supportive | Avoid NSAIDs
26
Mosquito known to carry West Nile Virus
Culex mosquito
27
S/Sx of West nile
HA, AMS, fever, body aches, sometimes rash, meningitis, FLACCID PARALYSIS
28
Dx for west nile
IgG and IgM serologies in blood os CSF
29
Tx for West Nile
supportive
30
Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi causes what disease
Lyme disease
31
Ixodes ricinus is also called the
Deer tick and carries lyme
32
Incubation of lyme disease
3-32 days
33
Name the characteristic rash in lyme
erythema migrans (bullseye rash)
34
How many stages of lyme disease are there.
3
35
Stage 1 of lyme is early infection. What S/Sx would you see.
Erythema migrans | fever, myalgias, fatigue
36
Stage 2 of lyme you would see what?
Conduction abnormalities (AV block)
37
Stage 3 of lyme is persistent infection. What type of sx would you see.
Arthritis type sx
38
Tx of Lyme disease
``` Doxycycline 100mg PO bid x 21 days kids /prego Amoxicillin 50mg/kg/day (q 8 hr dosing) x14-21 days ```
39
Babesia is carried by what kind of tick
Ixodes scapularis
40
S/Sx of Babesia
``` hemolytic anemia and fatigue body aches +/- fever splenomegaly hepatomegaly ```
41
Dx of babesia is made by seeing what is RBCs
Maltese cross formation in RBC
42
Tx for Babesia
Atovaquone 750mg PO BID AND Azithromycin 500-1000mg qd x7-10 days
43
Rickettsia ricketsi from tick or fleas causes what illness?
Spotted fever
44
S/Sx of spotted fever?
Fever HA abd pain MACULOPAPULAR RASH progressing to petechiae (hands/feet then body)
45
Dx of Spotted fever?
PCR | Acute and convalescent sera (wait 4 weeks for dx)
46
Tx of Spotted fever?
Doxycycline | 100mg PO BID x14d
47
Tx of Spotted fever in pregnant women /kids?
Doxycycline 100mg PO BIDx14d (chloramphenicol also considered for prego)
48
Anaplasma and ehrlichia are both _____ borne illnesses
tick
49
In anaplasma and ehrlichia what would you see in the WBC?
Morulae (inclusions in WBC)
50
Dx of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia?
Serology
51
Tx for anaplasma and Ehrlichia?
Doxycycline
52
Colorado Tick fever is a _______ infection carried by ______ or ______?
Viral infection | Fleas and ticks
53
What states is CTF found in?
Colorado and Idaho
54
S/Sx of CTF?
``` Fever Rash HA, pain behind eyes Low platelets increased liver enzymes ```
55
Tx for CTF?
Self limiting | Supportive
56
How long should men wait to have intercourse after being in a zika area?
3-6 months
57
What are cross reactants with testing for zika virus?
West nile | Dengue
58
Testing for zika?
Serum / urine PCR | Serum IgM
59
Main risks from Zika?
Congenital birth defects | Microcephaly
60
Yellow fever is caused by _______ virus carried by what kind of mosquito
Flavivirus Aedes aegypti
61
Incubation time for yellow fever?
3-6 days
62
Acute sx of yellow fever?
``` acute fever myalgias HA Backache N/V ```
63
Progression sx of yellow fever?
``` jaundice hemorrhagic sx shock multiorgan failure Death 50% of cases ```
64
Dx of yellow fever?
Mainly clinical due to problems with serolgy and Nucleic acid testing
65
Tx for yellow fever?
None | avoid NSAIDS - increased risk of hemorrhage
66
Prevention of yellow fever?
Live virus vaccine (avoid in prego, immuno comp, biologics, chemo) Caution in age>60

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