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Anatomy > T3. Respiratory System > Flashcards

T3. Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the respiratory system

A
  • Ventilation
  • External Respiration
  • Internal respiration
  • Regulation of blood pH
  • Production of chemical mediators
  • Voice production
  • Olfaction
  • Protection
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2
Q

Regions of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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3
Q

Unpaired cartilage which is Adam’s apple

A

Thyroid cartilage

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4
Q

Base of larynx cartilage

A

Cricoid cartilage

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5
Q

Which parts of the larynx maintain an open passageway for air movement

A

Thyroid and cricoid cartilage

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6
Q

Which part of the larynx prevent material from moving into the larynx

A

Epiglottis and vestibular folds

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7
Q

Which parts of the larynx are the primary source of sound production

A

Vocal folds

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8
Q

Which part of the larynx traps debris preventing their entry into the lower respiratory tract

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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9
Q

Trachea divides in the middle to form

A

Left and right primary bronchi and carina

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10
Q

What is the site of gas exchange

A

Respiratory zone

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11
Q

What removes debris in the bronchioles

A

Macrophages

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12
Q

Three types of cells in the respiratory membrane

A

Type 1 pneumocytes
Type 2 pneumocytes
Dust cells

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13
Q

Which cells are responsible for gas exchange in the respiratory membrane

A

Type 1 pneumocytes

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14
Q

Which cells in the respiratory membrane are responsible for producing surfactants

A

Type 2 pneumocytes

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15
Q

What type of cells are type 1 pneumocytes

A

Thin squamous epithelial

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16
Q

Inspiration includes which parts of the body

A

Diaphragm, external intercostals, pectoral is minor, scalene

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17
Q

Expiration includes which part of the body

A

Muscles that depress ribs and sternum, internal intercostals, and abdominal muscles

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18
Q

Cells on the visceral pleura

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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19
Q

Movement of air into and out of lungs

A

Ventilation

20
Q

Elastic fibers in the alveolar walls

A

Elastic recoil

21
Q

What reduces the tendency of lungs to collapse by reducing surface tension

A

Surfactant produced by type 2 pneumocytes

22
Q

Opening between pleural cavity and air that cause a loss of pleural pressure

A

Pneumothorax

23
Q

What can cause alveoli to expand

A

Negative pressure

24
Q

What is important in the diffusion of gases through respiratory membrane

A
  • membrane thickness
  • diffusion coefficient
  • surface area
  • partial pressure differences
25
Q

Where does oxygen diffuse to in pulmonary capillaries

A

Arterial ends

26
Q

Where does CO2 diffuse into during respiration

27
Q

Nephron parts

A 
Boneless capsule
Pct
Duct
Collecting duct
Capillary duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Ureter
28
Q

Liver functions

A

Store iron and glycogen
Detoxification
Inner conversion chemist
Bile production - emulsifiers fats

29
Q

Part of lung adherent to it

A

Visceral pleura

30
Q

Part of lung adherent tp thoracic wall

A

Parietal pleura

31
Q

Acts as lubricant and helps two membranes close together

A

Pleural fluid

32
Q

Central region of body except for lungs

A

Mediastinum

33
Q

Pressure and volume are respective at a certain temperature

A

Boyle’s law

34
Q

If barometric pressure Is greater than alveolar pressure, air flows into alveoli

35
Q

What exhibits the end of expiration

A

When the pressure in alveoli is 0

36
Q

Explain boyles law in respect to breathing

A

Pressure equals a constant temperature over volume

At the end of expiration, the diaphragm is relaxed and the alveoli pressure is at zero because there is no air movement. During inspiration, the volume of the lungs increase, causing the alvoli pressure to be at -1. At the end, there is no air movement again causing the pressure tp go back down to one, and when expiration begins, the lungs contract which then increases the alvoli pressure to go up to +1

37
Q

The ease at which lungs expand

A

Compliance

38
Q

Air that is breathed In and out total

A

Tidal volume

39
Q

Total pressure os the sum of each invidivual pressures of each gas

A

Dalton law

40
Q

Concentrations of a gas in a liquid is determined by its partial pressure and solubility coefficient

A

Henrys law

41
Q

Principles of gas exchange

A

Membrane thickness
Diffusion coefficient of gas
Surface area
Partial pressure differences

42
Q

Blood that is not completely oxygenated

A

Shunted blood

43
Q

Bicarbonate buff

A

CO2 + H2O H2CO3

44
Q

Dorsal and ventral

45
Q

Pontine

A

Expiration inhalation

46
Q

Changes in CO2

A

Chemosenitive area

47
Q

Changes inpH

A

Carotid and aortic

Anatomy (6 decks)

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