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Anatomy > T3. Lymphatic System > Flashcards

T3. Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system

A

1) Fluid Balance
2) Fat absorption
3) Defense

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2
Q

How can fat travel through the circulatory system?

A

through lipoproteins

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3
Q

Lymph

A

Water plus solutes from plasma and cells

Plasma - ions, nutrients, gases and some proteins

Cells - hormones, enzymes, waste products

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4
Q

Lymphatic capillaries characteristics

A
  • more permeable than blood capillaries
  • epithelium functions as series of one-way valves
  • found in all nervous system except bone marrow and tissue without blood vessels
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5
Q

Which lymphatic trunk drains the chest

A

Bronchomedialstinal trunk

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6
Q

Has valves that ensure one-way flow

A

Lymphatic vessels

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7
Q

Distributed along vessels and filter lymph

A

Lymph nodes

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8
Q

Drain tissues of the body and move lymph into major veins

A

Lymphatic ducts

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9
Q

Drains right side of head, right upper limb and right thorax

A

Right lymphatic duct

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10
Q

Drains remainder of the body

A

Thoracic duct

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11
Q

Join to form lymphatic vessels

A

Lymphatic capillaries

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12
Q

What is lymphatic tissue composed of

A

Lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells

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13
Q

White blood cells derived from bone marrow, but may mature and reside elsewhere

A

Lymphocytes

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14
Q

Dispersed lymphocytes; macrophages ; blends with other tissues

A

Diffuse lymphatic tissue

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15
Q

Denser aggregations. Numerous in loose connective tissue of digestive

A

Lymphatic nodules

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16
Q

Where are peyers patches located in your small intestine?

A

In the ileum of the small intestine

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17
Q

What is malt

A

Respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems of lymphatic tissue

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18
Q

Groups of tonsils

A

Palatine (the tonsils) , pharyngeal (the adenoids) , and lingual

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19
Q

Functions of the spleen

A
  • destroy red blood cells
  • detects and responds to foreign substances
  • limited reservoir for blood
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20
Q

Where do blood vessels enter and exit the spleen

A

At the hilum

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21
Q

Where are most T cells produced and mature at

A

The thymus

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22
Q

When does lymph enter the blood?

A

After it enters the thoracic and right lymphatic duct

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23
Q

What absorbs fat in the small intestine

A

Lacteals

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24
Q

What is chyle

A

Lymph containing fat

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25
Q

Where do pre-b and pre-t cells originate from?

A

Red bone marrow

B cells mature in marrow and are released into blood

Pre-t enter blood and go to thymus

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26
Q

Where to T cells mature at

A

The thymus

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27
Q

What is immunity

A

The ability to resist damage from foreign substances

28
Q

Physical barriers, chemical mediators , and cells constitute which type of immunity

A

Innate or nonspecific

29
Q

Specificity and memory constitute what type of immunity

A

Adaptive or specific

30
Q

Examples of innate immunity

A

Skin, mucous membranes

Cilia in the respiratory tract, coughing and sneezing

31
Q

2 major phagocytes of innate immunity

A

Neutrophils and macrophages

32
Q

Which innate immunity cells are inflammatory cells that expel histamine

A

Basophils and mast cells

33
Q

Which cells break down histamines and spray enzymes in a worm infection or parasites

A

Eosinophils

34
Q

Which cells lyse tumors and infected viral cells. Able to recognizes classes of cells and not specific type

A

Natural killer cells

35
Q

Rubor, tumor, dolor, and calor are symptoms sof what type of inflammatory response

A

Local

36
Q

What type of inflammatory response causes fever, increased neutrophil numbers and increased vascular permeability

A

Systemic

37
Q

What is the term for increased vascular permeability and increased blood flow

A

Chemotaxis

38
Q

Type of adaptive b cells

A

Humoral or antibody-mediated

39
Q

Describe the inflammatory response

A

Bacteria enters tissue, tissue damage occurs, chemical mediators are released, chemotaxis occurs, WBC numbers and chemical mediators increase at the site of damage where bacteria is contained destroyed and phagocytized

40
Q

Types of adaptive immunity cells

A

Humoral or antibody mediated B CELLS

Cell-mediated T cells

41
Q

What are two ways activation

_Of lymphocytes can occur

A

Antigenic receptors(t-cell receptors and b-cell receptors) OR major histocompatibility complex MHC

42
Q

Specific regions of a given antigen recognized by a lymphocyte

A

Antigenic determinants

43
Q

glycoproteins with a variable region that can bind to foreign and self antigens

A

MHC (Major histocompatibility complex)

44
Q

Displays a flag that says kill me

A

MHC class 1

45
Q

Displays a flag saying rally round the flag

A

MHC class 2

46
Q

MHC class 1 processing vs MHC class 2 processing

A

MHC 1 occurs within the cell where the protein is broken down into fragments and goes through the rough Er where the MHC 1 molecule is paired with antigen complex and transported by golgi to outside of the cell where it displays foreign antigen or self antigen

MHC 2 is phagocytosis of a foreign antigen which is the broken down into processed foreign antigens and transported through the golgi where MHC 2 molecules combine with PFA where it travels to the membrane and is displayed as an antigen complex

47
Q

In order for B or T cells to produce a respond there must be

A

Binding of MHC 2 antigen complex to T cells

Costimulation

48
Q

Costimulation occurs by

A 
Cytokines
Surface molecules (B7 and CD28)
49
Q

What makes B7

A

Macrophages

50
Q

What makes CD28

A

Helper T cells

51
Q

State of unresponsiveness of lymphocytes to a specific antigen

A

Tolerance

52
Q

Antibody classes or Immunoglobins

A

IgG, igM, igA, igE, igD

GAMED

53
Q

Part that combines with antigenic determinant of antigen

A

Variable region

54
Q

Responsible for activities of antibodies

A

Constant region

55
Q

Which ig class is most abundant

A

IgG

56
Q

Which ig class is responsible for glands

A

IgA

57
Q

Which ig class is least abundant

A

IgD

58
Q

Which ig class provide immune protection to the fetus and newborn

A

IgG

59
Q

Which ig class binds to mast cells and basophils

A

IgE

60
Q

Which ig class is resposible for reactions in the ABO blood system

A

IgM

61
Q

Action of antibodies

A
  • inactivate antigens
  • bind antigens together
  • activate complement cascade
  • initiate release of inflammatory chemicals
  • facilitate phagocytosis
62
Q

What are cytotoxic cells function

A

Lyse virus infected cells

Produce cytokines

63
Q

Natural exposure to antigen

A

Active natural

64
Q

Vaccination

A

Active artificial

65
Q

Transfer of antibodies from a mother to her fetus or baby

A

Passive natural

66
Q

Transfer of antibodies from an immune animal to a non immune one

A

Passive artificial

Antiserum

67
Q

Antigen presenting cells

A

Dendrites
Macrophages
T cells

Anatomy (6 decks)

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