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Anatomy > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Regulatory System

A

Transportation, Regulation and Protection

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2
Q

Maintenance of constant body temperature

A

Thermoregulation

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3
Q

What makes up the Buffy coat

A

Leukocytes and platelets

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4
Q

Liquid portion of blood

A

Plasma

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5
Q

Types of Plasma Proteins

A

Albumins (plasma proteins) , Globulins (alpha, beta , gamma), and Fibrinogen

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6
Q

Characteristics of Albumin

A
  • smallest in size
  • produced by the liver
  • provides osmotic pressure
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7
Q

Globulins and their characteristics

A
  • Alpha and Beta - produced by liver and function to transport lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
  • Gamma - antibodies produced by lymphocytes that function in immunity
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8
Q

What types of transport are involved in the circulatory system

A 
Respiratory Transport (RBS transport O2 to cells and CO2 to lungs)
Nutritive Transport (nutrients from the small intestine through the  liver to cells in the body)
Excretory (wastes to kidneys)
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9
Q

What blood cells are responsible for immunity

A

White blood cells or leukocytes

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10
Q

What blood cells are responsible for clotting

A

Platelets or thrombocytes

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11
Q

Organization of blood vessels from largest to smallest

A

Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins

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12
Q

What is plasma composed of

A

Water and dissolved solutes (NA, enzymes, hormones, antibodies and proteins)

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13
Q

What is Fibrinogen

A

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin during clotting which forms the clot or scab.

It is net-like and recruits platelets to stop vessel damage

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14
Q

What is plasma volume ,aintained by

A

The action of hormones

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15
Q

What detects drops in blood volume or pressure

A

Osmoreceptores in the carotid sinus and kidneys

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16
Q

What gives RBCs their red color

A

Hemoglobin

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17
Q

What is the structure of Hemoglobin

A

2 beta globin polypeptide chains
2 alpha globin polypeptide chains

4 total pp chains

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18
Q

Each RBC contains around how many hemoglobin molecules

A

Around 280

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19
Q

Leukocytes can be described as what two classes

A

Granular and a granular

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20
Q

What WBCs are GRANULAR

A

Eosinophils - stain pink to red (eosin)

Basophils - stain blue to purple (basic)

Neutrophils - neutral no stain

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21
Q

What type of WBCs defend against parasites and allergic responses

A

Eosinophils

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22
Q

What WBCs release toxic substances in order to kill the invader

A

Eosinophils

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23
Q

What WBCs are responsible for inflammatory response

A

Basophils

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24
Q

Which WBCs release histamine and serotonin

A

Basophils

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25
Q

Which WBC has an S shaped nuclei

A

Basophils

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26
Q

What WBC has 2-5 lobed nuclei connected by thin strands

A

Neutrophils

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27
Q

Which WBC fight against infection and bacteria

A

Neutrophils

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28
Q

What are dead neutrophils known as

A

PUS

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29
Q

Which WBC are Agranular

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

30
Q

What WBCs are the most abundant

A

Neutrophils

31
Q

What WBCs are the second most abundant

A

Lymphocytes

32
Q

B cells are what type of WBC and what are their function

A

Lymphocytes

Produce antibodies

33
Q

T cells are what type of WBC and what is their function

A

Lymphocytes

Activate B cells or are effector T cells

34
Q

What are Natural Killer cells and their function

A

Lymphocytes

Find infected and cancerous cells

35
Q

Which WBCs have a rounded nucleus with little cytoplasm

A

Lymphocytes

36
Q

What are the biggest WBCs

A

Monocytes

37
Q

What WBCs have a kidney shaped nuclei

A

Monocytes

38
Q

Which WBCs destroy microbes and clean up dead tissue following infection

A

Monocytes

39
Q

Which blood cells have no nucleus

A

Erythrocytes

Thrombocytes

40
Q

Where does Hematopoiesis occur

A

In the red bone marrow

41
Q

Where is the red bone marrow found in adults

A

Long bones, sternum, os coxae, vertebrae, and ribs

42
Q

What are the two types of stem cells

A

Myeloid and lymphoid

43
Q

At what point is a plasma cell made

A

When the B cells come in contact with an antigen

44
Q

What is Cytokines

A

Maturation and production of WBC in the immune system

45
Q

What is thrombopoeitan

A

Creation of platelets

46
Q

Platelet Release Reaction is what type of feedback loop

A

Positive

47
Q

When damage occurs to the endothelial lining of the vessels what is exposed to blood

A

Collagen

48
Q

What stimulates vasoconstriction

A

Serotonin

49
Q

What makes platelets sticky to adhere to collagen

A

ADP Adenosine Diphosphate

50
Q

What has combine effects of serotonin and adp

A

Thromboxane 2

51
Q

As platelets continue to release, what is I’d formed until blood flow stops

A

Platelet plug

52
Q

What is the platelet plug strengthened by

A

Fibrin

53
Q

What are the pathways that reinforce platelets

A

Intrinsic & Extrinsic

54
Q

What must happen for intrinsic pathway to happen

A

Exposure to blood

55
Q

What are the conversions in an intrinsic pathway

A

Prothrombin to thrombin

Fibrinogen to fibrin

56
Q

In order for the pathway to be extrinsic what must happen

A

Chemicals released are not part of blood (Tissue Thromboplastin)

SHORTCUT

57
Q

What is essential in prothrombin production

A

Vitamin K

58
Q

What are some clotting disorders

A

Vit K deficiency
Hemophilia A
Hemophila B
von Willebrands Disease

59
Q

What are types of anticoagulant drugs

A

Aspirin
Coumarin
Heparin
Citrate

60
Q

What does aspirin do

A

Slows platelet release

61
Q

What does coumarin do

A

Stops clotting

62
Q

What does heparin do

A

Dissolves clot

63
Q

What does citrate to

A

Inhibits calcium

64
Q

What is the acid base balance of blood

A

CO2 + H2O H2CO3
Exhaled

H2CO3 H+ +HCO3- (buffer reaction)
Carbonic acid

65
Q

The amount of formed elements and plasma volume in the vascular system

A

Blood volume

66
Q

Friction between blood and wall of vessel

A

Peripheral resistance

67
Q

The ease with which molecules move in a fluid

A

Viscosity

68
Q

What determines blood pressure

A

Cardiac output and peripheral resistance

69
Q

Volume of blood in ventricle at the end of ventricular systole

A

End systolic volume

70
Q

Volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole

A

End diastolic volume

71
Q

What does the Frank Starling Law state

A

The strength of ventricular contraction varies directly with EDV

72
Q

What lowers blood pressure

A

The Cardioinhibitory reflex initiated by baroreceptors

Anatomy (6 decks)

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