Blood Flashcards
Functions of Regulatory System
Transportation, Regulation and Protection
Maintenance of constant body temperature
Thermoregulation
What makes up the Buffy coat
Leukocytes and platelets
Liquid portion of blood
Plasma
Types of Plasma Proteins
Albumins (plasma proteins) , Globulins (alpha, beta , gamma), and Fibrinogen
Characteristics of Albumin
- smallest in size
- produced by the liver
- provides osmotic pressure
Globulins and their characteristics
- Alpha and Beta - produced by liver and function to transport lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
- Gamma - antibodies produced by lymphocytes that function in immunity
What types of transport are involved in the circulatory system
Respiratory Transport (RBS transport O2 to cells and CO2 to lungs) Nutritive Transport (nutrients from the small intestine through the liver to cells in the body) Excretory (wastes to kidneys)
What blood cells are responsible for immunity
White blood cells or leukocytes
What blood cells are responsible for clotting
Platelets or thrombocytes
Organization of blood vessels from largest to smallest
Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins
What is plasma composed of
Water and dissolved solutes (NA, enzymes, hormones, antibodies and proteins)
What is Fibrinogen
Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin during clotting which forms the clot or scab.
It is net-like and recruits platelets to stop vessel damage
What is plasma volume ,aintained by
The action of hormones
What detects drops in blood volume or pressure
Osmoreceptores in the carotid sinus and kidneys
What gives RBCs their red color
Hemoglobin
What is the structure of Hemoglobin
2 beta globin polypeptide chains
2 alpha globin polypeptide chains
4 total pp chains
Each RBC contains around how many hemoglobin molecules
Around 280
Leukocytes can be described as what two classes
Granular and a granular
What WBCs are GRANULAR
Eosinophils - stain pink to red (eosin)
Basophils - stain blue to purple (basic)
Neutrophils - neutral no stain
What type of WBCs defend against parasites and allergic responses
Eosinophils
What WBCs release toxic substances in order to kill the invader
Eosinophils
What WBCs are responsible for inflammatory response
Basophils
Which WBCs release histamine and serotonin
Basophils
Which WBC has an S shaped nuclei
Basophils
What WBC has 2-5 lobed nuclei connected by thin strands
Neutrophils
Which WBC fight against infection and bacteria
Neutrophils
What are dead neutrophils known as
PUS
Which WBC are Agranular
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
What WBCs are the most abundant
Neutrophils
What WBCs are the second most abundant
Lymphocytes
B cells are what type of WBC and what are their function
Lymphocytes
Produce antibodies
T cells are what type of WBC and what is their function
Lymphocytes
Activate B cells or are effector T cells
What are Natural Killer cells and their function
Lymphocytes
Find infected and cancerous cells
Which WBCs have a rounded nucleus with little cytoplasm
Lymphocytes
What are the biggest WBCs
Monocytes
What WBCs have a kidney shaped nuclei
Monocytes
Which WBCs destroy microbes and clean up dead tissue following infection
Monocytes
Which blood cells have no nucleus
Erythrocytes
Thrombocytes
Where does Hematopoiesis occur
In the red bone marrow
Where is the red bone marrow found in adults
Long bones, sternum, os coxae, vertebrae, and ribs
What are the two types of stem cells
Myeloid and lymphoid
At what point is a plasma cell made
When the B cells come in contact with an antigen
What is Cytokines
Maturation and production of WBC in the immune system
What is thrombopoeitan
Creation of platelets
Platelet Release Reaction is what type of feedback loop
Positive
When damage occurs to the endothelial lining of the vessels what is exposed to blood
Collagen
What stimulates vasoconstriction
Serotonin
What makes platelets sticky to adhere to collagen
ADP Adenosine Diphosphate
What has combine effects of serotonin and adp
Thromboxane 2
As platelets continue to release, what is I’d formed until blood flow stops
Platelet plug
What is the platelet plug strengthened by
Fibrin
What are the pathways that reinforce platelets
Intrinsic & Extrinsic
What must happen for intrinsic pathway to happen
Exposure to blood
What are the conversions in an intrinsic pathway
Prothrombin to thrombin
Fibrinogen to fibrin
In order for the pathway to be extrinsic what must happen
Chemicals released are not part of blood (Tissue Thromboplastin)
SHORTCUT
What is essential in prothrombin production
Vitamin K
What are some clotting disorders
Vit K deficiency
Hemophilia A
Hemophila B
von Willebrands Disease
What are types of anticoagulant drugs
Aspirin
Coumarin
Heparin
Citrate
What does aspirin do
Slows platelet release
What does coumarin do
Stops clotting
What does heparin do
Dissolves clot
What does citrate to
Inhibits calcium
What is the acid base balance of blood
CO2 + H2O H2CO3
Exhaled
H2CO3 H+ +HCO3- (buffer reaction)
Carbonic acid
The amount of formed elements and plasma volume in the vascular system
Blood volume
Friction between blood and wall of vessel
Peripheral resistance
The ease with which molecules move in a fluid
Viscosity
What determines blood pressure
Cardiac output and peripheral resistance
Volume of blood in ventricle at the end of ventricular systole
End systolic volume
Volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole
End diastolic volume
What does the Frank Starling Law state
The strength of ventricular contraction varies directly with EDV
What lowers blood pressure
The Cardioinhibitory reflex initiated by baroreceptors
