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1. Theme 3 > T3 L10: Physiological regulation of blood pressure > Flashcards

T3 L10: Physiological regulation of blood pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypertension?

A

Persistently higher than normal blood pressure

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2
Q

When is someone treated for hypertension?

A

When their mean BP >150/95 mmHg

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3
Q

What tests are done to show someone has hypertension?

A

ABPM (ambulatory blood pressure monitoring) or HBPM (home blood pressure monitoring)

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4
Q

What is ABPM?

A

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Someone wears a blood pressure cuff for 24 hours and their blood pressure is taken at regular intervals

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5
Q

What is HBPM?

A

Home blood pressure monitoring. Someone measures their blood pressure regularly for 24 hours

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6
Q

What is the equation for cardiac output?

A

Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

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7
Q

What is heart rate regulated by?

A

SA-node

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8
Q

What is total peripheral resistance a measure of?

A

The degree of constriction of the arterioles

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9
Q

What is the sympathetic mechanism of action for increasing heart rate?

A

Beta-2 receptor - increased cAMP - Increased Ca2+ - increased heart rate

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10
Q

Describe the parasympathetic system mechanism for decreasing heart rate

A

cAMP is decreased via M2 receptors

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11
Q

Describe the mechanism for constriction with regulation of the total peripheral resistance

A

SNS - Noradrenaline - alpha-1 receptor - IP3 - Ca2+ - constriction

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12
Q

Describe the mechanism for relaxation with regulation of total peripheral resistance

A

SNS - Adrenaline - Beta-2 receptor - cAMP - relaxation

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13
Q

What receptor does angiotensin II act on?

A

Receptor 81

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14
Q

What 5 systems does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system stimulate?

A
  1. Sympathetic activity
  2. Increases blood volume by causing H2O retention 3. and by aldosterone secretion
  3. Arteriolar vasoconstriction
  4. ADH secretion
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15
Q

What is the function of renin?

A

It converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I

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16
Q

How is Angiotensin I converted into Angiotensin II?

A

ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme)

17
Q

What organ produces angiotensingoen?

A

The liver

18
Q

What inhibits the release of renin?

A

Water and salt retention

19
Q

Which organ produces renin?

A

The kidneys

20
Q

What is AT1-R?

A

Angiotensin type 1 receptor

21
Q

How does aldosterone cause water and Na+ retention?

A

It binds to cytoplasmic receptors which bind to the nucleus and increase expression of Na+ channels

22
Q

What are the 3 things that the choice of drug treatment depends on?

A

Age, race and co-existing diseases

23
Q

Why are ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers not used on black people?

A

Because the drugs are less effective

1. Theme 3 (19 decks)

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