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HISTORY- Elizabethan England > T3- Elizabethan Society In The Age Of Exploration 1588-88 > Flashcards

T3- Elizabethan Society In The Age Of Exploration 1588-88 Flashcards

1
Q

Why did England and Spain have good relations at the start of Elizabeth’s reign?

A

Marriage alliances (Henry VIII and Cathrine of Aragon)

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2
Q

Who controlled the Netherlands?

A

Spain

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3
Q

Why was the Netherlands important to England?

A

The Antwerp wool trade was vital to England’s economy.

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4
Q

Which country did Phillip II rule over?

A

Spain, Portugal, parts of Italy and Netherlands, parts of North and South America, parts of Asia.

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5
Q

Two reasons why there was political rivalry between England and Spain?

A
  1. Spanish ambassadors were involved in the Throckmorton plot.
  2. Elizabeth refused to marry Phillip II.
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6
Q

Two famous examples of English privateers

A
  1. John Hawkins.
  2. Francis Drake.
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7
Q

Three examples of commerce rivalry

A
  1. John Hawkins challenged the Spanish monopoly of the slave trade.
  2. English privateers stole from Spanish ships.
  3. Drake captured £400,000 of silver in 1572.
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8
Q

How did Elizabeth help Dutch rebels against Spain in 1568?

A

Elizabeth allowed Dutch rebels to shelter in her ports.

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9
Q

What did Elizabeth do in 1568 with the Spanish ships laden with gold that took refuge in English ports/

A

Seized the gold for herself. This was called the Genoese Loan.

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10
Q

How did Phillip react to the Genoese Loan?

A

Banned trade with the Netherlands. This severely damaged England’s economy.

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11
Q

Who did Elizabeth encourage to help the Dutch against the Spanish in 1570s?

A

The French Duke of Alencon

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12
Q

What did the Spanish sign with the Dutch after they went bankrupt in 1576?

A

Pacification of Ghent

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13
Q

How did Elizabeth support the Dutch rebellion against the Spanish rule in 1581?

A
  1. Offered limited financial help.
  2. Knighted Drake.
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14
Q

What was the name of the rebel who was assassinated in 1584?

A

William of Orange County

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15
Q

What did the French and Spanish sign in 1584 and how did this impact England?

A

Signed the Treaty of Joinville, this meant that England was now isolated.

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16
Q

What was the name of the treaty Elizabeth signed in 1585 and what did it do?

A

The Treaty of Nonsuch, this put Netherlands under Elizabeth’s protection.

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17
Q

Two reasons why Elizabeth signed the Treaty of Nonsuch.

A
  1. Religion- ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants.
  2. Military- Phillip could have used Netherlands as a base for invasion.
  3. Commerce- kept port for English trade.
  4. Strategic- Spain could have control over the Channel and the Atlantic coasts of Europe.
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18
Q

How many troops did Elizabeth send to the Netherlands?

A

7000 troops

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19
Q

Who lead the English military expedition to the Netherlands?

A

Robert Dudley (Earl of Leicester)

20
Q

What title did Dudley accept when he arrived and what was the impact?

A

General of Netherlands, risking provoking Phillip II

21
Q

Two reasons why England was defeated (Dutch war).

A
  1. Leadership- Dudley was not a talented general.
  2. Resources- English army was small and poor equipped.
22
Q

Who was the Spanish general (Dutch war)?

A

Duke of Parma

23
Q

What did Phillip do after the Treaty of Nonsuch was signed?

A

Prepared for invasion

24
Q

Which Spanish port did Drake attack in 1587 and why?

A

Cadiz, to slow down the Spanish.

25
Q

How many ships did Drake raid in Cadiz?

A

30 ships

26
Q

Two examples of the impact of the raid on Cadiz.

A
  1. Destroyed the ships.
  2. Expensive.
  3. Delayed Armada for a year.
27
Q

What was the nickname given to the raid on Cadiz?

A

‘Singeing of the King of Spain’s beard’

28
Q

When did the Armada depart and who lead it?

A

1558, Duke of Medina Sidonia- little military/naval experience.

29
Q

Who lead the English fleet against the Spanish in the Armada?

A

Lord Howard and Drake

30
Q

Why were English tactics and ships superior to the Spanish?

A

Cannons could be reloaded faster, quicker and more agile.

31
Q

What role did the wind play in the Armada?

A

It blew the ships in the Armada so that it would be impossible to meet up with Parma.

32
Q

Name two advances in technology

A
  1. Backstaff- easier navigation
  2. Long and line- accurate speed
  3. Ship building- longer, larger, could carry more cargo and more stable.
33
Q

How did maps improve?

A

More detailed and reliable

34
Q

Two reasons rivalry with Spain encouraged exploration.

A
  1. Trade opportunities- Spain made it difficult for English merchants to trade.
  2. Elizabeth realised she needed to complete with Spain globally.
35
Q

Two ways Elizabeth encouraged international trade

A
  1. Granted monopolies to merchants.
  2. Encouraged privateering.
36
Q

Who was Raleigh?

A

An English explorer who attempted to develop colonies in America.

37
Q

Two reasons Elizabeth wanted an English colony in the Americas

A
  1. Political- challenged Spain.
  2. Financial- source of raw materials.
38
Q

When did Raleigh go to North America and where?

A

1584, Roanoke Island

39
Q

When was the first attempt to set up a colony and who lead it?

A

1585, Grenville

40
Q

Why did majority of the settlers leave Roanoke?

A

Unhappy and they started to run low on supplies.

41
Q

When was the second attempt at a colony and how many settlers were there?

A

1587, 100 settlers

42
Q

What happened when the supply ship returned (post Spanish Armada) to Roanoke?

A

All the settlers had disappeared.

43
Q

Why was the attempt to set up a colony in Virginia a failure?

A

Timing- voyages set off too late in the year. This meant they were short on supplies.

44
Q

How did the settlers anger the local Native Americans?

A

Too demanding of food and supplies.

45
Q

What problems did Drake face during his circumnavigation?

A

Rough seas, pirates, the Spanish.

46
Q

Why was Drake’s circumnavigation important?

A
  1. Only second man in history to achieve this.
  2. First Englishman to achieve this.
  3. He brought back £400,00 in treasure.

HISTORY- Elizabethan England (6 decks)

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