T1- Queen, Government And Religion 1558-69 Flashcards
One reason why Elizabeth’s gender was a problem
Belief that women were weak- made England vulnerable to invasion.
Concerns over who she would marry- the man would have a lot of power.
Why was religion a problem for Elizabeth when she became queen?
England had been through years of religious change and turmoil. The country between Catholics and Protestants
Why was Elizabeth’s legitimacy questioned by some in England?
Henry VIII had declared Elizabeth illegitimate soon after he executed her mother.
Catholics do not recognise divorce Henry VIII’s marriage to Anne Boleyn was no legitimate.
Which country posed the greatest threat of invasion when she became queen?
France
Who did the monarchs have to consult to get more money?
Parliament
How many times did Parliament meet during Elizabeth’s reign?
13 times out of
What was the name of the body of Elizabeth’s advisers?
The Privy Council
How many men were in the Privy Council?
19
What was the name of the growing middle class?
Gentry
How much debt did Elizabeth inherit?
£300,000
What were the two aims of the Religious Settlement?
- To heal the division between Catholics and Protestants.
- To maximise her personal power by controlling as much of the church as possible.
Who was Sir Francis Walsingham?
Close advisor of Elizabeth and her spy master.
Who was Robert Dudley the Earl of Leicester?
Leading nobleman, advisor, and favourite of Elizabeth.
What did Elizabeth do in 1559 to solve to religious turmoil?
The Religious Settlement. Also known as the Middle Way.
Two features of the Act of Supremacy 1559?
- Elizabeth was Supreme Head of the Church of England. This meant Catholics recognise the Pope as the Head of Church.
- Archbishops and Bishops were kept. This pleased Catholics.
Two features of the Act of Uniformity 1559?
- Bible was written in English. Ornaments such as crucifixes and candles were allowed in churches. Priests had to wear traditional- style Vestments.
Two features of the Act of Uniformity 1559?
- Bible was written in English. Ornaments such as crucifixes and candles were allowed in churches. Priests had to wear traditional- style Vestments.
- Failure to attend church meant you would be fined.
How were the two Acts ( Uniformity+Supremacy ) viewed at the time?
Majority were happy but Puritans and extreme Catholics thought it gave too much away to the other side.
What is a Puritan?
An English Protestant who wanted to further simplify the Church of England and remove anything related to Catholicism.
How did the Religious Settlement affect the Clergy?
8000 priests took the oath of supremacy showing their support for the Acts introduced. However only 1 bishop took the oath so 27 new ones were appointed.
Name two features of the Crucifix controversy
1.Elizabeth allowed crucifixes but Puritans disagreed.
2.This lead to several Puritan Bishops threatening to resign. So Elizabeth backed down and removed crucifixes from the church.
Two features of the vestment controversy
- Elizabeth wanted priests to wear special vestment but many Puritans refused.
- A special exhibition was held to show what vestments they should wear. The priests who didn’t show up lost their posts. Elizabeth won this battle.
How did the Pope challenge the Religious settlement and what impact did it have?
The Pope told people not to go to Sunday Mass. This had virtually no impact.
What proportion of the nobility were Catholics?
1/3 (30%)
Why were some of the Catholic nobles unhappy with the Religious Settlement?
Elizabeth preferred her Protestant advisors over her Catholic ones. This saw a decrease in Catholic noble’s political power and influence.
What is a heretic?
People who didn’t believe in the teachings of the Catholic Church.
What is a recusant?
Someone who refuses to attend Sunday Mass.
How did Elizabeth reduce the threat of France?
Elizabeth gave France Calais.
Two reasons why Spain was unhappy with Elizabeth in 1559?
- Elizabeth had supported Dutch Protestants.
- Elizabeth had stolen gold from a Spanish ship.
- Elizabeth had refused to marry Phillip.
Three reasons why Mary Queen of Scots was a threat to Elizabeth in 1558?
- She was next in line for the throne.
- She had close links with France.
- She was Catholic.
How did Elizabeth deal with Mary in 1568?
Elizabeth put her under house arrest.
In what year did the Pope excommunicate Elizabeth?
1570
Why was the excommunication of Elizabeth important?
This meant that English Catholics did not have to be loyal to Elizabeth.
When was the Treason Act?
1571
What did the Treason Act state?
Anyone denying Elizabeth’s supremacy and bringing in the excommunication of Elizabeth will be executed.
What did the Treason Act state?
Anyone denying Elizabeth’s supremacy and bringing in the excommunication of Elizabeth will be executed.
