T2: pathogens Flashcards by Elizabeth DeGroot

G+ rods

Bacillus cereus
Lactobacillus spp. (box-car shaped, aerotolerant anaerobe)
Listeria monocytogenes (coccobacilli; facultative IC pathogen)
Actinomycetes (G+ thin, branding filaments w/ clubbed ends): Actinomyces israelii (faculative anaerobe)
-Corynebacterium diphtheriae (club-shaped rod)

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G+ cocci

Staphylococci (in clusters):
-Staph aureous (coagulase positive)
-Staph epidermis, saprophyticus (coag neg)
Streptococci (in chains - aerotolerant anaerobes):
-Strep mutans, sanguis, salivarius, mitis (oral)
-Strep pneumoniae -pneumococcus (lancet shaped diplococci, a-hemolytic)
-Strep pyrogenes (GABHS)
-Strep agalactiae (GABHS)
Peptosteptococcus spp. (obligate anaerobic, cocci in chains)

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G- rods

Aggrgatibacter/Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (ob an)
Acinetobacter baumanii
Bacteroides forsythus (ob an)
Bordetella pertussis (coccobacilli)
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Eikenella corrodens
Enterics: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Fusobacterium: F. necrophorum(ob.an long rods, tap. ends)
Haemophilus influenza, type b (Hib) and NTHi (coccobacilli)
Porphyromonas gingivalis (ob an)
Pseucomonas aeruginosa
Prevotella intermedia (ob an)

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Procaryotic, G- curved rod

NONE

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G- cocci (kidney beans)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae(gonococcus) &amp; other Neis. spp (NF)
Moraxella catarrhalis

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G- cell wall architecture: Spirochetes (internal flagella)

-Treponema denticola, T. vincentii (ob an, peridontal disease)

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Acid fast bacilli

Nocardiae : N. asteroides (Nocardiosis)

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Cell wall-less pleomorphic bac (not G-/+, no PTG)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Ureaplasma urealyticum, U. parvum
*tx w. PCN

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G- cell wall architecture: pleomorphic ob. IC bac

w/out PTG:

Chlamydia trachomatis, C. psittaci

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Fungi

(eukaryotics) “J”

Candida albicans

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Helminth

(euk) “K,L,M,N”

tissue round worm: “N” Filarial Nematodes: Onchocerca volvulus

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Protozoan

(euk) O
Toxoplama gondii (ob IC)

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viruses

adenovirus
coronavirus
influenza (orthomyxovirus)

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more viruses: Herpes virus

HSV 1
HSV 2
VZV (3) chicken pox, shingles
CMV (cytomegalovirus) (5)
hum. parvoviruses
hum. bocavirus (HBoV)

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more viruses: Paramyxovirus (cause syncytia formation)

parainfluenza virus (paramyxovirus, croup)
mumps
RSV
hMPV: hum. Metapneumovirus

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more viruses: picornaviruses

Rhinoviruses
Enteroviruses: polio/non-polio: 
 -ECHO viruses
 -coxsackievirus
 -enterovirus 68-->71
 -polio virus 
 -parechovirus

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eye NF

Staph epidermis
diphtheroids
Propionibacterium acnew

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conjuntivitis

mostly G+ cocci: S. aureus, streptococci

“pink eye”: S. pneumonia, S. pneumo NT, H. flu (aegyptius)

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conjunctivitis-OM syndrome

NTHi, S. pneumo, Moraxella catarrhalis

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Inclusion Conjunctivitis (IC): bac. IC and trachoma:

Chlamydia trachomatis (#1 cause blindness in underdev. countries)

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IC: viral

adenovirus, HSV 1, VZV, other agents
pharyngeal conjuntival fever: adenovirus (3,7)
epidermic ketratoconjunctivitis “shipyard eye”: adenovirus 8, 19
acute epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: coxsackie virus, enterovirus, adenovirus

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IC: hyperacute mucopurulent conjunctivitis of newborn/ophthalmia neonatorum:

N. gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis

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Keratoconjuctivitis/Keratitis: bac agents

staph, strep, Listeria, Neisseria, anaerobes, P. aeruginosa

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Keratitis: viral agents

HSV1: leading cause of adult infectious blindness in dev. countries)
HSV2
VZV

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Keratitis: fungal

Aspergillus sp. Candida sp. Fusarium solani

Keratitis: Amoebae (v. rare in US)

Acanthamoea spp. Vahlkampfia sp. Harmanella spp.

Retinitis

CMV, VAV, HSV1

Retinochoroiditis

Toxoplasmosis: Toxoplasma gondii Endocarditis: Roth spots (septic emboli) on retina River blindness: Onchocerca volvulus (v. rare in US)

Choroiditis

cryptococcus P. jiroveci MTb MAC

Otitis externa

Pseudomonas staphylococci fungi

S. pneumo, NTHi, Moraxella catarrhalis

NF of oro/nasopharynx

``` a-hemolytic streptococci S. agalactiae, S pyrogenes*, S. pneumoniae Capnocytophaga canimorsus Coag. -/+ staph (+: S. aureus) NTHi, Hib*, non-patho Neisseria (N. meningitides*, N. gonorrhoeae*) Eikenella corrodens G- rods (enterobacteriaceae) anaerobes archaebacteria (ob an) candida *ind. are immune carriers and must be tx ```

NF of pro/nasopharynx: anaerobes

``` actinomyces bacteroides diphtheroids fusobacterium treponema: spirochetes porphyromonas prevotella ```

stomatitis and/or pharyngitis

``` adenovirus, CMV influenza, parainfluenza virus RSV, HIV Fusobacterium (F. necrophorum) S. pyrogenes (and others) N. gonorrhoeae Mycoplasm, Chlamydia ```

mono

EBV

herpetic gingivostomatitis

HSV 1, 2

herpes ulcerative pharyngitis

HSV 1,2

cold sores/fever blisters

HSV 1,2

herpangina

coxsackie

hand, foot, mouth

coxsackie A16, enterovirus 71

vesicular, ulcerative pharyntitis

HSV1, coxsackie virus, enterovirus 71

hepatitis

hepatitis virus

mumps

mumps virus

pharyngeal conjunctival fever

adenovirus

diphtheria

corynebacterium diphtheriae

acute epiglottitis

Hib

cervicofacial actinomycosis/lumpy jaw

actinomyces israelii

oral candidiasis/thrush (and dental stomatitis)

Candida albicans

dental caries (cariogenic plaque)

S. mutans

chronic gingivitis

prevotella intermedia

acute ulcerative gingivitis (Vincent's disease/trench mouth)

fusobacterium, treponema (spirochetes), p. intermedia

chronic periodontitis

porphyromonas gingivalis

localized juvenile periodontitis

Aggregatibacter/Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans porphyromonas gingivalis prevotella intermedia

rhinitis (URT)

rhinovirus, coronovirus (virtually any viral ag. of RT, if partially immune)

acute sinusitis: viral

rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza

acute sinusitis: bacterial

S. pneumoniae NTHi moraxella catarrhalis multiple an. bac

acute epiglottitis

Hib

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup: viral

most common | parainfluenza*, RSV, influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup: viral-LIKE

mycoplasma, chlamydia

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup: secondary bacterial tracheitis

S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, H. flu, M. catarrhalis

bronchitis: neonates (IU/parturition inf.)

bac: Strep agalactiae, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Ureaplasma urealyticum and U. parvum Chlamydia trachomatis

bronchitis viral etiol. in infants/young kids

most commonly viral | RSV, hMPV, influenza, parinfluenza, adenovirus

bronchitis bac. etiology

B. pertussis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae

acute bronchitis adult: viral

mostly viral | influenza, RSV, parainfluenza virtually any

acute bronchitis adult: bac

mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, bordetella pertussis

acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB)

bac in ~1/2 NTHi, moraxella catarrhalis, S. pneumoniea viral: influenza, other

pertussis (tracheobronchitis)

Bordetella pertussis ** other Bordetella adenovirus hPIV, RSV, hMPV, M. pneumonia, C. pneumoniae

inhalation anthrax

bacillus anthracis (ob aerob sporeformer)

influenza

influenza virus (no shit)