T2: pathogens Flashcards
G+ rods
Bacillus cereus
Lactobacillus spp. (box-car shaped, aerotolerant anaerobe)
Listeria monocytogenes (coccobacilli; facultative IC pathogen)
Actinomycetes (G+ thin, branding filaments w/ clubbed ends): Actinomyces israelii (faculative anaerobe)
-Corynebacterium diphtheriae (club-shaped rod)
G+ cocci
Staphylococci (in clusters):
-Staph aureous (coagulase positive)
-Staph epidermis, saprophyticus (coag neg)
Streptococci (in chains - aerotolerant anaerobes):
-Strep mutans, sanguis, salivarius, mitis (oral)
-Strep pneumoniae -pneumococcus (lancet shaped diplococci, a-hemolytic)
-Strep pyrogenes (GABHS)
-Strep agalactiae (GABHS)
Peptosteptococcus spp. (obligate anaerobic, cocci in chains)
G- rods
Aggrgatibacter/Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (ob an)
Acinetobacter baumanii
Bacteroides forsythus (ob an)
Bordetella pertussis (coccobacilli)
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Eikenella corrodens
Enterics: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Fusobacterium: F. necrophorum(ob.an long rods, tap. ends)
Haemophilus influenza, type b (Hib) and NTHi (coccobacilli)
Porphyromonas gingivalis (ob an)
Pseucomonas aeruginosa
Prevotella intermedia (ob an)
Procaryotic, G- curved rod
NONE
G- cocci (kidney beans)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae(gonococcus) & other Neis. spp (NF) Moraxella catarrhalis
G- cell wall architecture: Spirochetes (internal flagella)
-Treponema denticola, T. vincentii (ob an, peridontal disease)
Acid fast bacilli
Nocardiae : N. asteroides (Nocardiosis)
Cell wall-less pleomorphic bac (not G-/+, no PTG)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Ureaplasma urealyticum, U. parvum
*tx w. PCN
G- cell wall architecture: pleomorphic ob. IC bac
w/out PTG:
Chlamydia trachomatis, C. psittaci
Fungi
(eukaryotics) “J”
Candida albicans
Helminth
(euk) “K,L,M,N”
tissue round worm: “N” Filarial Nematodes: Onchocerca volvulus
Protozoan
(euk) O Toxoplama gondii (ob IC)
viruses
adenovirus
coronavirus
influenza (orthomyxovirus)
more viruses: Herpes virus
HSV 1 HSV 2 VZV (3) chicken pox, shingles CMV (cytomegalovirus) (5) hum. parvoviruses hum. bocavirus (HBoV)
more viruses: Paramyxovirus (cause syncytia formation)
parainfluenza virus (paramyxovirus, croup)
mumps
RSV
hMPV: hum. Metapneumovirus
more viruses: picornaviruses
Rhinoviruses Enteroviruses: polio/non-polio: -ECHO viruses -coxsackievirus -enterovirus 68-->71 -polio virus -parechovirus
eye NF
Staph epidermis
diphtheroids
Propionibacterium acnew
conjuntivitis
mostly G+ cocci: S. aureus, streptococci
“pink eye”: S. pneumonia, S. pneumo NT, H. flu (aegyptius)
conjunctivitis-OM syndrome
NTHi, S. pneumo, Moraxella catarrhalis
Inclusion Conjunctivitis (IC): bac. IC and trachoma:
Chlamydia trachomatis (#1 cause blindness in underdev. countries)
IC: viral
adenovirus, HSV 1, VZV, other agents
pharyngeal conjuntival fever: adenovirus (3,7)
epidermic ketratoconjunctivitis “shipyard eye”: adenovirus 8, 19
acute epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: coxsackie virus, enterovirus, adenovirus
IC: hyperacute mucopurulent conjunctivitis of newborn/ophthalmia neonatorum:
N. gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis
Keratoconjuctivitis/Keratitis: bac agents
staph, strep, Listeria, Neisseria, anaerobes, P. aeruginosa
Keratitis: viral agents
HSV1: leading cause of adult infectious blindness in dev. countries)
HSV2
VZV
Keratitis: fungal
Aspergillus sp.
Candida sp.
Fusarium solani
Keratitis: Amoebae (v. rare in US)
Acanthamoea spp.
Vahlkampfia sp.
Harmanella spp.
Retinitis
CMV, VAV, HSV1
Retinochoroiditis
Toxoplasmosis: Toxoplasma gondii
Endocarditis: Roth spots (septic emboli) on retina
River blindness: Onchocerca volvulus (v. rare in US)
Choroiditis
cryptococcus
P. jiroveci
MTb
MAC
Otitis externa
Pseudomonas
staphylococci
fungi
OM
S. pneumo, NTHi, Moraxella catarrhalis
NF of oro/nasopharynx
a-hemolytic streptococci S. agalactiae, S pyrogenes*, S. pneumoniae Capnocytophaga canimorsus Coag. -/+ staph (+: S. aureus) NTHi, Hib*, non-patho Neisseria (N. meningitides*, N. gonorrhoeae*) Eikenella corrodens G- rods (enterobacteriaceae) anaerobes archaebacteria (ob an) candida *ind. are immune carriers and must be tx
NF of pro/nasopharynx: anaerobes
actinomyces bacteroides diphtheroids fusobacterium treponema: spirochetes porphyromonas prevotella
stomatitis and/or pharyngitis
adenovirus, CMV influenza, parainfluenza virus RSV, HIV Fusobacterium (F. necrophorum) S. pyrogenes (and others) N. gonorrhoeae Mycoplasm, Chlamydia
mono
EBV
herpetic gingivostomatitis
HSV 1, 2
herpes ulcerative pharyngitis
HSV 1,2
cold sores/fever blisters
HSV 1,2
herpangina
coxsackie
hand, foot, mouth
coxsackie A16, enterovirus 71
vesicular, ulcerative pharyntitis
HSV1, coxsackie virus, enterovirus 71
hepatitis
hepatitis virus
mumps
mumps virus
pharyngeal conjunctival fever
adenovirus
diphtheria
corynebacterium diphtheriae
acute epiglottitis
Hib
cervicofacial actinomycosis/lumpy jaw
actinomyces israelii
oral candidiasis/thrush (and dental stomatitis)
Candida albicans
dental caries (cariogenic plaque)
S. mutans
chronic gingivitis
prevotella intermedia
acute ulcerative gingivitis (Vincent’s disease/trench mouth)
fusobacterium, treponema (spirochetes), p. intermedia
chronic periodontitis
porphyromonas gingivalis
localized juvenile periodontitis
Aggregatibacter/Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
porphyromonas gingivalis
prevotella intermedia
rhinitis (URT)
rhinovirus, coronovirus (virtually any viral ag. of RT, if partially immune)
acute sinusitis: viral
rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza
acute sinusitis: bacterial
S. pneumoniae
NTHi
moraxella catarrhalis
multiple an. bac
acute epiglottitis
Hib
laryngotracheobronchitis/croup: viral
most common
parainfluenza*, RSV, influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus
laryngotracheobronchitis/croup: viral-LIKE
mycoplasma, chlamydia
laryngotracheobronchitis/croup: secondary bacterial tracheitis
S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, H. flu, M. catarrhalis
bronchitis: neonates (IU/parturition inf.)
bac:
Strep agalactiae, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Ureaplasma urealyticum and U. parvum
Chlamydia trachomatis
bronchitis viral etiol. in infants/young kids
most commonly viral
RSV, hMPV, influenza, parinfluenza, adenovirus
bronchitis bac. etiology
B. pertussis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae
acute bronchitis adult: viral
mostly viral
influenza, RSV, parainfluenza virtually any
acute bronchitis adult: bac
mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, bordetella pertussis
acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB)
bac in ~1/2
NTHi, moraxella catarrhalis, S. pneumoniea
viral: influenza, other
pertussis (tracheobronchitis)
Bordetella pertussis **
other Bordetella
adenovirus
hPIV, RSV, hMPV, M. pneumonia, C. pneumoniae
inhalation anthrax
bacillus anthracis (ob aerob sporeformer)
influenza
influenza virus (no shit)
