skin 12: summary

Question 1

Need to know ALL names for agent/disease!

Answer 1

Variola virus – smallpox:
VZV - chickenpox and zoster
Human Parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) - Erythema infectiosum (aka Fifth disease)
(HHV-6) or (HHV-7) - Exanthem Subitum
(aka roseola infantum aka Sixth disease)
Measles virus – measles (aka rubeola, aka hard measles)
Rubella virus - rubella (aka soft measles, aka German measles)

Question 2

Host and Reservoir: Humans are the source of infection:

Answer 2

Variola virus, Varicella-zoster,

HPV B19, HHV-6, HHV-7, measles virus, rubella virus

Question 3

seasonality??

Answer 3

chickenpox, erythema infectiosum, measles, rubella

Question 4

transmitted in respiratory secretions (primary mode):

Answer 4

variola, varicella-zoster, HPV B19, measles

and rubella virus

Question 5

transmitted in lesions (secondary mode):

Answer 5

variola, varicella-zoster viruses

Question 6

transmitted in saliva:

Answer 6

HHV-6, HHV-7

Question 7

Primary POE is the URT inhalation of respiratory droplets:

Answer 7

variola, varicella-zoster, HPV B19, measles,

rubella viruses or direct inoculation of conjunctiva.

Question 8

Primary POE is the oropharynx:

Answer 8

HHV-6, HHV-7.

Question 9

Primary attack rate is high – thus asymptomatic infections are uncommon/rare:

Answer 9

varicella- zoster, measles virus; variola virus

Question 10

Virus in lesion and lesions are infectious:

Answer 10

smallpox, chicken pox

Question 11

Lesion is immune-mediated (virus not present):

Answer 11

erythema infectiosum, exanthem

subitum

Question 12

Active, life-long infection:

Answer 12

HHV-6, HHV-7

Question 13

Latent infections with recrudescence of virus infections:

Answer 13

varicella-zoster, HHV-6,

HHV-7

Question 14

Persistent infections:

Answer 14

HHV-6, HHV-7, measles (SSPE), rubella (congenital infection)

Question 15

Prodrome:

Answer 15

smallpox, chickenpox (primary infection in adolescents and adults),
erythema infectiosum (mild), measles, rubella (mild or absent)

Question 16

Acute Disease: Fever and a maculopapular rash:

Answer 16

variola virus, varicella-zoster, HPV B19, HHV-6, HHV-7, measles virus, rubella virus

Question 17

Acute Disease: Rash appears 1st on face, hand and forearms spreads to trunk, legs:

Answer 17

smallpox; rash/lesions are present on the palms of hands and soles of feet

Question 18

Acute Disease: Rash appears 1st on face spreads to trunk, limbs:

Answer 18

chicken pox, measles, rubella

Question 19

Acute Disease: Rash appears 1st on face, spreads to limbs (palms and soles), sometimes torso or
trunk:

Answer 19

erythema infectiosum

Question 20

Acute Disease: Rash appears 1st on face and trunk, spreads to limbs:

Answer 20

exanthem subitum

Question 21

Acute Disease: Fever defervesces then rash appears:

Answer 21

HHV-6 and HHV-7 (sometimes), variola virus,

HPV B19

Question 22

Acute Disease: Fever with rash:

Answer 22

chickenpox, measles, rubella

Question 23

Acute Disease: Arthropathy, arthralgia with fever, in adults, (more common in women) + rash:

Answer 23

HPV B19, rubella virus

Question 24

complications: of all?

Answer 24

Secondary bacterial infection and/or bacterial superinfection of skin or RT

Question 25

complication: Viral pneumonia, viral encephalitis

Answer 25

smallpox, varicella-zoster, measles

Question 26

complication: Aplastic crisis

Answer 26

Fifth disease

Question 27

complication: In utero infection

Answer 27

varicella-zoster, Fifth disease, HHV-6 (likely), measles, rubella

Question 28

complication: Congenital disease

Answer 28

varicella-zoster, HPV B19, measles, rubella

Question 29

complication: Reye's syndrome

Answer 29

varicella-zoster - aspirin contraindicated

Question 30

complication: Diarrhea and pneumonia in malnourished populations

Answer 30

measles

Question 31

complication: Otitis media in developed countries

Answer 31

measles

Question 32

how to dx all viral exanthems

Answer 32

Clinical features, susceptibility, contact with infected person

Question 33

how to dx congenital infections

Answer 33

TORCH/STORCH/TORCHS test

Question 34

ddx: a person with a fever and maculopapular rash (excluding epidemiological factors such as age and seasonality):

Answer 34

all of above? + ECHOviruses, Coxsackie viruses enteroviruses 6871, arboviruses, Hepatitis B viruses, Dengue, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Lyme Disease, Neisseria meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, scarlet fever, toxic shock syndrome

Question 35

ddx: a person with arthropathy:

Answer 35

HPV B19, rubella virus, Lyme Disease, rheumatoid arthritis

Question 36

Vaccine preventable -

Answer 36

smallpox, chickenpox, measles, rubella

Question 37

Post-exposure prophylaxis with vaccine to prevent disease -

Answer 37

chickenpox vaccine.

Question 38

Antiviral therapy -

Answer 38

chicken pox and zoster

Question 39

Immune globulin -

Answer 39

chicken pox