T2 L3: Male and female endocrinology Flashcards
what does GNRH cause in the male
release of LH and FSH
what is the function of LH in males
Acts on the testes to cause the secretion of the male hormone testosterone
what is the function of FSH on the testes
Sperm production
what to hormones must be present in order for sperm production to occur
Testosterone
LH
FSH
what is the negative feedback effects in males
Testosterone inhibits GNRH FSH and LH
What is the function of inhibin
used in negative feedback in males :
secretion from Sertoli cells inhibits the release of FSH
what is the function of oestrogen on the foetus
It has no effect
What causes the male embryo to develop male anatomy
The secretion of testosterone from the embryonic testes
what causes the female anatomy to form
Lack of testosterone (therefore no hormone influence )
what occurs if a male embryo can’t secrete testosterone
they will have female characteristics
what male characteristics form as a result of testosterone secretion in puberty
Secondary sex features such as :
acne
muscle development
Long bone growth (requires the effects of testosterone require conversion to oestradiol by aromatase.)
Muscle development
enlargement of the larynx
male pattern pubic hair
maturation of the genitalia
what is the function of GNRH in females
LH and FSH secretion
what does FSH secretion cause in females
2marks
Secretion of estrogen from the ovaries
& growth of ovarian follicles and their maturation
what does LH cause in females
Progesterone production
& the release of ovarian eggs
what are Estrogens
Group of hormones that promotes fertility -estradiol
what causes the production of female characteristics in puberty and what re they
A massive increase in oestrogen
Bone growth
female psyche
fair complexion
breast development
fair complexion
widening of the pelvis
subcutaneous fat deposition
female pattern pubic hair
maturation of genitalia
describe the secretion of GNRH
its pulsatile and not constant (in females)
what determines whether you have FSH or LH secretion
GNRH frequency
what type of activity of the hypothalamus is shown in the female embryo
Pulsatile activity
what occurs if the female foetus is exposed to testosterone
GNRH secretion Pulsatility is lost and causes constant GNRH secretion like in men
what occurs to females when they go through menopause and around what age
At age 52
women stop producing oestrogen and so there is regression in the secondary sex characteristics
feedback is lost and so FSH and LH increase
what occurs to females when they go through menopause and around what age
At age 52
women stop producing oestrogen and so there is regression in the secondary sex characteristics
feedback is lost and so FSH and LH increase
what occurs in day 1 of the menstrual cycle
the first day of bleeding, average duration is 7 days. Causes fsh and oestrogen conc rises and fsh conc dips and so does estrosiol
what occurs at day 12 of the menstrual cycle
LH surge causes fsh surge –this is an error-no function
how many days does the LH surge require for elevated oestrdiol and what are its effects
3 days
causing progesterone and estrodiol for about 7 days – this in turns causes ge in LH and estrodiol
what is progesterone secretion in the 2nd half of the menstrual cycle dominated by
Estrodiol
when is acne and sexual libido experienced In the menstrual cycle
Theres a few days in the middle of the month where estrodiol and progesterone are lower than the prominent testosterone
when is the menstrual cycle variable for diff people
the first 14 days
What is the function of FSH
follicle maturation and oestrogen secretion
what is another effect of the LH surge
Causes Ovum to be expelled on day 14, 2 days after surge
what does LH cause to the cells of the ovum
yellowing and oestradiol and progesterone production
what does LH cause to the cells of the ovum
yellowing and oestradiol and progesterone production
Oestrodial causes thickening of the endometrium and what occurs after
progesterone comes, endometrium enters the secretory phase and secretes allowing ovum to grow
what happens after the fertile stage of menstruation if there is no conception
theres a decrease in progesterone and oestadiol causing collapse of the endometrium
what does a drop in progesterone cause
3marks
vasoconstriction –atrophy of tissues, causing bleeding ,
after a few hours blood vessels dilate – increase blood supply at day 27 washes away dead cells, and blood clots in endometrium.
Then fibrolysis of clot broken and the mix of blood clot and myometrium.
what are the effects of prostaglandins
Cervix prevents bacteria, 2dilation caused by FSH and LFH causes the cervix to dilate AND progesterone causes it to constrict.
what does progesterone cause to your body temperature
It increases it
what is the life expectancy of an ovum and sperm
48 hours
when is it fertile for sperm to be deposited
days 12-16
