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203: Reproduction and endocrinology > T1 L7 :Thyroid Hormone Physiology > Flashcards

T1 L7 :Thyroid Hormone Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the thyroid gland composed off in terms of cells

A

Follicles

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2
Q

What is colloid

A

A reservoir of thyroid hormone

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3
Q

what is the name of T3 and T4

A

T3= triiodothyronine
T4=
Tetraiodothyronine

(thyroxine )

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4
Q

What does Di and monoiodotyrosine combine to form (MIT and DIT)

A

Forms T3 and T4

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5
Q

where is iodine derived from

A

Plants

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6
Q

What is T4 converted into in the tissues

A

T3

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7
Q

what can Fe deficiency cause

A

It can disrupt iodine absorption leading to dysfunction of the thyroid gland

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8
Q

what can radioactive iodine cause

A

Deficiency of iodine absorption in the thyroid gland (as radioactive iodine absorbed kills of the thyroid glands cells)

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9
Q

what is the thyroid hormone made up of predominately?

A

T4

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10
Q

hat is the active form of the thyroid hormone

A

T3

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11
Q

what form of the thyroid hormone is given as medication

A

T4

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12
Q

what converts T4 to T3

A

Deiodinase enzymes

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13
Q

what other product is produced from T4

A

reverse T3

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14
Q

is reverse T3 active ?

A

No it’s inactive

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15
Q

what causes the secretion of the thyroid hormone (from a centre in the brain)

A

Hypothalamus- TRH

Pituitary -TSH

Thyroid gland - T3 and T4

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16
Q

what is the negative feedback of T3/4 release

A

The inhibition of TSH (and assume therefore the inhibition of TRH)

17
Q

what cause Derbyshire neck

A

A loss of I2 causes an increase in the release of TSH which causes hypertrophy of the thyroid gland

18
Q

what metabolic effects does the thyroid hormone cause (3 effects)

A

Carbohydrate metabolism

Protein synthesis

Lipolysis

19
Q

what does thyroid hormone cause in the foetus

A

It causes the myelination of the nerve fibres

20
Q

how is albumin transported in the blood

A

10% albumin

20% TBPA(thyroxine-binding prealbumin)

75% T4 bound to thyronine-binding globulin

21
Q

what occurs when thyroxine travels across cells

A

Binds to intracellular receptors at the nucleus and influences gene transcription and thus protein synthesis

22
Q

what happens after gene transcription

A

More mitochondria and increased activity

23
Q

what are the effects of an increased carbohydrate metabolism

A
  • glycogenesis and glucose uptake by muscle cells and adipose cells
  • potentiation of the effects of insulin
  • potentiation of the effects of the catecholamines
  • increase in glucose absorption by the gastrointestinal tract.
24
Q

Which organs does the thyroid hormone not cause an increase in metabolism for

A 
Brain
Uterus
Testes
Spleen
Thyroid gland
Anterior pituitary gland
25
Q

You can live as an adult without your thyroid gland but u need it as a kid,

If so

what are thyroid hormones essential for

A

Normal growth

development

26
Q

what does a decrease in iodine cause or humans

A

Puberty inhibition so you don’t grow and always remain looking like a child

27
Q

CORE DRUG: LEVOTHYROXINE

A

Its used to treat thyroid deficiency

Suppresses TSH secretion and can be given by mouth or injection

overdoes: Palpitations and arrhythmias

28
Q

Lithium does what to the thyroid hormone

A

It inhibits its secretion

29
Q

CORE DRUG : What does propylthiouracil do to the thyroid gland

A

prevents the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3.

which normally acts in thyroid hormone synthesis. PTU also acts by inhibiting tetraiodothyronine deiodinase which converts T4 to T3. Drug of choice to treat hyperthyroidism in first trimester

CAUSES- pruritus

30
Q

what does K+ perchlorate do

A

Potassium perchlorate acts by competing with iodide for the active iodide uptake pump.

31
Q

CORE DRUG :what does Carbimazole (methimazole) do

A

act by inhibition of the synthesis of thyroid hormones by preventing the incorporation of the iodide into the thyroglobulin.

which prevents peroxidase iodinating the tyrosine residues on thyroglobulin, hence reducing the production of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4.

can cause Pruritus

32
Q

what drugs can reduce goitre and how do they work

A

Lithium
Iodides

These ions are selectively concentrated within the thyroid gland where they interfere with iodide incorporation and hormone release.

33
Q

what is an alternate to using carbimazole in pregnant women and why

A

Propylthiouracil: it has a short half life and so its better than carbimazole for breastfeeding mothers

203: Reproduction and endocrinology (53 decks)

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