T1L7: Introduction to Clinical Pathology

Question 1

Pathology

Answer 1

Scientific study of disease to understand the cause of disease to help treat and prevent.

70% of clinical diagnoses rely on pathology investigations

Question 2

Rudolf Virchow (1850, Berlin)

Answer 2

Father of cellular pathology

Cells are the smallest viable constituent units of the human body and abnormal cells are the cause of disease.

Question 3

Clinical method [7]

Answer 3

• History
	• Examination
	• Differential Diagnosis
	• Investigation
	• Diagnosis
	• Treatment
Follow up / Review

Question 4

3 branches of pathology

Answer 4

General
Systemic
Autopsy, histopathology and cytopathology

Question 5

General pathology

Answer 5

Mechanisms and features of the major disease processes (e.g. neoplasia, inflammation, infection)

Question 6

Systemic pathology

Answer 6

Understanding specific disease entities and how they affect particular organs or organ systems (e.g. breast cancer, appendicitis, pneumonia)

Question 7

Autopsy, histopathology, cytopathology

Answer 7

The appearances of disease and tissues as examined by the naked eye (macroscopy) or under the light microscope (microscopy).

Question 8

Aetiology

Answer 8

The cause

Question 9

Pathogenesis

Answer 9

The mechanisms or ‘how’

Question 10

Sequaelae

Answer 10

Consequence

Question 11

Prognosis

Answer 11

The anticipated course

Question 12

General pathology roadmap

Answer 12

The normal cell
Cellular responses to stress and toxins (adaptation, injury, death)
 Inflammation and repair
Haemodynamic diseases
Diseases of the immune system
Genetic diseases
Neoplasia
Infection
Environmental and nutritional diseases