T1L1b - Thoracic Cage Flashcards
Axial [3]
Skull, vertebrae and ribs
Appendicular [1]
Limbs
Skeleton functions [5]
Source of RBCs Store minerals Protect organs Movement Support body
Thoracic cage functions [3]
Muscle attachments
Viscera protection
Relations: Pectoral girdle
Thoracic cage consists of [5]
Vertebrae and Intervertebral disc
Ribs
Sternum
Costal Cartilages
Thoracic cage boundaries
Roof: Pleural membrane over apex of lungs
Floor: Diaphragm
Walls: Ribs, Sternum, Vertebrae and intercostal muscles
Typical and atypical ribs
Typical: 3-9
Atypical: 1-2, 10-12
Typical rib features
Head + 2 facets
Tubercle
Body with shaft and costal groove
Typical thoracic vertebrae
- Heart-shaped vertebral body -> equal dimensions in transverse/anterior directions + long spinous process
- Vertebral foramen is circular (generally) and the laminae are broad/overlap with vertebra below
- Superior articular processes are flat -> articular surfaces face almost directly posteriorly
- Inferior articular processes project from laminae -> articular facets face anteriorly
Transverse processes: club-shaped + project posterolaterally + inferior
Vertebrae articulation with ribs
Two demifacets on superior/inferior aspects of body -> articulate with heads of adjacent ribs
- Superior costal facet -> inferior costal facet (own rib)
Oval facet (transverse costal facet = end of transverse process) -> tubercle of own rib
Pectoralis Major
Clavicle and sternum
Humerus
Adduct and medially rotate humerus
Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerves
Pectoralis Minor
3-5th rib
Coracoid process of scapula
Stabilise
Medial pectoral nerve
External intercostal
Most superficial
Fibre pass rib above -> below anteroinferiorly
Extend muscles around thoracic wall from tubercle of rib to CC
Internal intercostal
Extend thoracic wall from sternum to angles of ribs
thin CT
Intercostal nerves
Nerves arise from each thoracic segment and emerge between adjacent thoracic vertebrae
