T1 M7 The Black Power Movement Flashcards
What were the reasons for the emergence of the Black Power Movement?
The Black Power Movement emerged due to the neglect of African Americans in the inner-city ghettos of major Northern cities, where poverty, unemployment, and poor living conditions were prevalent. They felt that the Civil Rights Movement’s focus on the South did not address their specific issues and needs.
What were the living conditions like for African Americans in the inner-city ghettos?
African Americans in the inner-city ghettos lived in poverty, overcrowded and decaying apartment buildings with frequent disruptions in essential services like water and electricity. High unemployment, poor-quality schools, and limited resources contributed to their frustration and disillusionment.
How did the young ghetto residents differ in their approach from the Civil Rights Movement leaders?
The young ghetto residents rejected passive resistance and sought more aggressive and violent forms of protest. They felt that the Civil Rights Movement leaders focused on issues that did not directly affect them and instead emphasized their pride in being black and demanded equal rights through more assertive means.
Who were some influential figures in promoting Black Power ideas?
Charismatic speakers like Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael played significant roles in promoting Black Power ideas. They advocated for self-reliance, Black Nationalism, and separatism, encouraging African Americans to take pride in their identity and culture.
When and where was the Black Panther Party formed, and who were its founders?
The Black Panther Party was formed on October 15, 1966, in Oakland, California, by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. It was originally known as the Black Panther Party for Self Defense
What was the symbol of the Black Panther Party, and how did they assert and defend the rights of black Americans?
The black panther was the symbol of the Black Panther Party. The BPP used a militant and radical approach, displaying weapons and threatening violence to protect black communities and target police officers, whom they accused of harassing African Americans
Why did the conditions in Oakland, California, lead to the formation of the Black Panther Party?
Oakland faced high unemployment, racial segregation, and poverty among its African American population. The decline of industries and housing discrimination exacerbated the situation, leading to growing racial tensions and a need for protection and empowerment.
What were the goals of the Black Panther Party’s 10-point programme?
The 10-point programme aimed to address issues such as employment, housing, military service exemption, police brutality, exploitation of black people, prison reform, jury composition, freedom, and the right for black people to determine their future through a referendum.
How did the Black Panther Party’s activities and influence spread to other cities?
The Black Panther Party’s newspaper, The Black Panther, founded by Elridge Cleaver in 1967, reached about 250,000 people. The BPP’s presence expanded to major cities like Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, and Philadelphia, which experienced inner-city riots during the 1964-1967 period.
Who were other influential Black Power leaders who inspired the movement?
Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael were influential figures in the Black Power Movement.
What were some of the social and community programs initiated by the Black Panther Party?
The Black Panther Party introduced various social programs, including the ‘Free Breakfast for Children’ program, distribution of used clothing, free medical clinics, ambulance response, drug rehabilitation, self-defence classes, and political education
How did Malcolm X view the Civil Rights Movement (CRM), and what were his arguments against it?
Malcolm X was critical of the Civil Rights Movement’s campaign for desegregation and rejected its multiracial approach. He believed in self-reliance for black people and argued that they should not depend on white assistance.
What led to Malcolm X’s departure from the Nation of Islam (NOI), and what organizations did he form after leaving?
Malcolm X left the Nation of Islam on March 8, 1964, and formed a religious organization called Muslim Mosque Incorporated (MMI) and a political organization called the Organization of Afro-American Unity. After leaving NOI, he seemed to soften his views and met with Martin Luther King Jr. He also went on a pilgrimage to Mecca and apologized for his previous statements about white people.
What was the significance of Malcolm X’s “Bullet or Ballot” speech, and what slogan did it inspire?
In April 1964, Malcolm X delivered his “Bullet or Ballot” speech, in which he warned that black Americans must either gain power through the vote or resort to more militant actions. This speech inspired the slogan “By Any Means Necessary.”
How did Malcolm X meet his end
On February 21, 1965, Malcolm X was assassinated during a meeting at the Audubon Ballroom in Manhattan, New York.
