T1: Evolution of Behavior Flashcards
What is the evolution of behavior
long-term, gradual pressures that have produced genetic change over time
What are the basics of evolution, cells and species definition?
Cells of the body: sensory, nerve, muscle, glands- these cells are integrated into amazing complex systems
Definition of a species
closely related organisms potential able to breed with one another and produce fertile offspring
What occurs with species differences ?
isolation of breeding groups
what is speciation
the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution
Speciation involves what
the splitting of a single evolutionary lineage into two or more genetically independent lineages
What are the two mechanisms of speciation
- geographic models
- genetic models
what is speciation
the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species
what are the four geographic models of speciation in nature based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another
- allopatric
- peripatric
- parapatric
- sympatric
How can speciation may also be induced artificially?
animal husbandry, agriculture, or lab experiments
What is allopatric
geographical barrier
What is paraptric
partial spatial isolations,
What is sympatric
genetic polymorphism
what is peripatric
isolation of a population at the periphery
What is reproductive isolation (RI)
an evolutionary mechanism that promotes speciation
What does RI promote
speciation by preventing the interbreeding of two different species
What are the pre-zygotic isolations and what do they mean
spatial/habitat isolation (different
areas)
temporal isolation (different mating seasons)
Mechanical isolation (repro organs are incompatible)
Behavioral isolation (mating rituals are not too different
Gametic isolation (their gametes can’t fuse)
what is mechanical isolation
mechanically isolated (physical barrier) when their reproductive organs are too different from one another to allow interbreeding between the two species
Even if two species are fairly closely related and the members of the species…
they will not be able to copulate due to their different reproductive organs
like bushbabies
What are post-zygotic barriers
mating occurs, offspring not fertile and viable
What is “reduce hybrid viability”
development non successful or result in fragile offspring
What is reduced hybrid fertility
healthy offspring is produced, but offspring’s are NOT fertile
What is a hybrid breakdown
offspring is produced and can reproduce but 2nd generation is weak or sterile
What is the imp
