T1: Development of Behavior* done Flashcards

Question

What does the study about the agouty mouse conclude?

Answer 1

alteration of the agouti gene-- yellow, obese and highly susceptible to developing disease - mice fed with a diet rich in methyl groups -epigenetic processes, the methyl groups attached to the mother DNA and turned off the agouti gene -- most of the offspring were born lean and brown and no longer prone to disease

Answer 2

1. we are not defined by out genes 2. The interaction between nature and nurture is way more complicated that we thought, genes and the environment are always working together 3. Some genes are not modifiable, epigenetic tags do not affect those

Answer 3

learning require both genes and environment

Answer 4

a young animals social interactions lead to his learning to different things, along with an appropriate sexual partners -- Konrad Lorenz; male greylags showed a sexual preference for humans as mates ex) "prepared" brain and social environment

Answer 5

raised by different species Great tits: cross-fostered with a parent of a different species, it is often with the host parent species, low rates of paring success Blue tits: cross- fostered with a parent of a different species, have a high rate of paring success, often reproduce with members of their own species

Answer 6

1. a greater significance of environment for the Great tit (host parent species) 2. Blue Tit: great role for genetics/ individuals of the same species

Answer 7

Clark's nutcrackers and black-capped chickadees; catch and relocate food -even learned behavior; when obviously environment-dependent, are gene-dependent as well

Answer 8

the ability of many animals to develop more or less normally despite defective genes and deficient environment

Answer 9

Learning mechanisms provide another form of developmental flexibility, enable individuals to use their experience to make adaptive adjustments in behavior that help individuals cope with a variable environment

Answer 10

an evolved response to the risk of food or fluid poisoning , it confers a "net fitness benefit" to the individual; Norway rat/ dietary generalist -- a rate can't vomit, to clear GI tract of poisoning

Answer 11

vampire bats, no learned taste aversion

Answer 12

1. History of the species 2. History of the individual selection of the - history of the species and of the individual

Answer 13

an individual is born with favorable responses "built in" to the nervous system as a part of inherited structure

Answer 14

- "instinctive" or "closed genetic program" - natural selection modifies behaviors gradually to fit alterations in the environment - "Species memory" is passed from each generation to offspring in the next generation (encoded in the genome) in the recorded history of adaptive changes ins a species

Answer 15

They create large mounds with sticks and moss that decompose and generate heat. They are more closely related to lizards than birds with this mechanism.

Answer 16

an individual can modify behavior in light of experiences -- learning provides the individual with the ability to achieve better results and modify behaviors accordingly -- "open genetic program"

Answer 17

Depends on the circumstances, for some species mating occurs only once in an individual's lifetime so mate recognition and selection must be done correctly and without prior experience --- this can only occur if a closed genetic program is in place

Answer 18

Having two breeding pathways improves the rates of successful reproduction and also increases levels of genetic variation

Answer 19

- higher rates of survival, they spend less time in water but have more competition for reproduction

Answer 20

have a lower rate of survival (they spend more time in seawater) but have less competition for mating

Answer 21

Thomas Austin released 24 European rabbits barwon park property near geelong in victoria

Answer 22

1. the reproduced exponentially -- destruction of large tracts of vegetation --- extinction of many plant species 2. loss of vegetation -- soil erosion 3. no natural predators

Answer 23

The most iconic barrier was the rabbit-proof fence "rabbit-proof fences"

Answer 24

this virus wiped out between 95-100 of rabbits in some areas-- they recovered but with some resistance the introduction of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease or Rabbit Calicivirus (RHDV or RCD) has helped control populations

Answer 25

1. ending of rabbit overgrazing: native vegetation grew back 2. Precipitous declines in rabbit predators such as feral cats and foxes

Answer 26

The RHDV has likely rippled through the food web starving these invasive predators, which had been during native species along with rabbits

Answer 27

Trophic cascade, an ecological phenomenon triggered by the addition or removal of top predators and involving reciprocal changes in the relative populations of predator and prey through a food chain, which often results in dramatic changes in ecosystem structure and nutrient cycling.