Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations > T1: Chapter 9: Life Span: Infancy - Middle Adulthood - RM > Flashcards

T1: Chapter 9: Life Span: Infancy - Middle Adulthood - RM Flashcards

1
Q

Growth and development occur across the _____ _____ in a predictable _____.

A

life span

pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Developmental theories give nurses insight into their patients’ developmental stages in what aspects?

A
  • behavioral
  • cognitive
  • social
  • moral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fetal growth begins at ________ and continues for ____ lunar months until birth.
How many weeks is this?

A

conception
10 lunar months
This is 40 weeks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What 4 things are critical adaptations at birth?

A

(Remember: Breath, Blood, Temp, & Teetee)

  • respiration
  • independent circulation
  • thermoregulation
  • urine production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List 3 important developmental theorists?

A

1) Freud
2) Erikson
3) Piaget

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Maslow known for?

A

Maslow’s Heiarchy of Needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Between birth and 1 year, infants develop a sense of ______ when the caregiver provides the child with _____, _____, and _____.

A

trust

love, warmth, food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 2 things occur during the toddler period?

A
  • exploration of the environment

- attempt to become autonomous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What age range is the toddler period?

A

12 to 36 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What developmental advances are seen during the preschool period?

A
  • separation from parents
  • communication through language
  • control of bodily functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What age range is the preschool period?

A

4 to 5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What developmental changes are seen during the school-age period?

A
  • development of relationships outside the home

- This leads to increasing confidence and independence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What age range is the school-age period?

A

6 to 12 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What developmental changes take place during the adolescent period?

A
  • establishment of their own identities

- begin to make decisions that will affect their future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What age range is the adolescent period?

A

12 to 18 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What developmental changes occur in young adulthood?

A

leaves home and begins to function as an independent person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What age range is considered young adulthood?

A

20 to 40 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What developmental changes occur during middle adulthood?

A
  • balance aspirations with reality

- the needs of children diminish whereas the needs of aging parents increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What age range is considered middle adulthood?

A

40 to 65 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Growth and developmental differences result in each age group’s having specific _____ _____ requiring specific _______ _______.

A

health problems

assessment techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Data from assessment are used to plan and provide ______ and _____ _____ that are developmentally appropriate.

A

care

anticipatory guidance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T/F: Abuse of both children and adults is common.

A

TRUE!

Assess all patients for signs of abuse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What word is defined as the process of adapting to one’s body and environment over time, which is enabled by increasing complexity of function and skill progression?

A

Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

______ refers to physical changes that occur over time.

A

Growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are 4 examples of human “growth”?

A
  • height
  • weight
  • muscle tone
  • sexual maturation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

______ is constant throughout the life span.

A

Change

27
Q

Nature vs. Nurture: Which is which?

A 
Nature = genetic endowment
Nurture = influence of environment
28
Q

What are 6 principles of growth and development?

P. 164 from the text

A

1) Usually follow an orderly pattern
2) Follow a cephalocaudal pattern (means head to toe)
3) Proceed in a proximodistal pattern (means center of body outward)
4) Simple skills develop separately and independently
5) Each body system grows at its own rate
6) Body system functions become increasingly differentiated over time

29
Q

Who is known for developing the Psychoanalytic Theory?

A

Sigmund Freud

30
Q

What does the Psychoanalytic Theory focus on?

A

the motivation for human behavior and personality development

31
Q

What did Freud believe maintains human development?

What are 3 examples of this concept?

A 
Instinctual drives
examples:
1) libido
2) aggression
3) survival
32
Q

Id, Ego, Superego: Which represents instinctual urges, pleasure, and gratification? We are born with it.

A

Id

33
Q

What age groups have a dominant id?

A

infants, young children, older children, and adults who cannot control their urges

34
Q

Id, Ego, Superego: Which begins to develop around 4 to 6 months and is thought to represent reality?

A

Ego

35
Q

What is the name of the force that balances what is wanted (id) and what is possible to obtain or achieve?

A

Ego

36
Q

Id, Ego, Superego: Which is sometimes referred to as the conscience?

A

Superego

37
Q

Id, Ego, Superego: Which develops in early childhood as a result of the internalization of primary caregiver responses to environmental events?

A

Superego

38
Q

The _______ _______ is composed of thoughts and memories that are not readily recalled but unconsciously influence behavior.

A

unconscious mind

39
Q

Defense mechanisms protect us from ________ _______.

A

excess anxiety

40
Q

What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development as identified by Freud?

A

1) Oral
2) Anal
3) Phallic
4) Latency
5) Genital

41
Q

Who developed the Cognitive Development Theory?

A

Jean Piaget

42
Q

According to Piaget, cognitive development requires 3 core competencies. What are these?

A

1) adaptation
2) assimilation
3) accommodation

43
Q

What are the 4 stages of cognitive development according to Piaget?

A

1) Sensorimotor
2) Preoperational
3) Concrete Operations
4) Formal Operations

44
Q

Who is the author of the Psychosocial Development Theory?

A

Eric Erikson

45
Q

Name the 8 stages of Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory.

A

1) Trust vs. Mistrust
2) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3) Initiative vs. Guilt
4) Industry vs. Inferiority
5) Identity vs. Role Confusion
6) Intimacy vs. Isolation
7) Generativity vs. Stagnation
8) Ego Integrity vs. Despair

46
Q

The first 8 weeks after conception is called the _______ phase.

A

embryonic

47
Q

All organs of an embryo are formed by which week of gestation?

A

week 8

48
Q

The gestational period takes place from ______ to ______.

A

conception to birth

49
Q

The neonatal period takes place from ______ to _____ days.

A

birth to 28 days

50
Q

Infancy takes place from ___ month to ___ year.

A

1 month to 1 year

51
Q

Toddlerhood takes place from ___ to ___ years.

A

1 to 3 years

52
Q

Preschool takes place from ___ to ___ years.

A

4 to 5 years

53
Q

School-age takes place from ___ to ___ years.

A

6 to 12 years

54
Q

Adolescence takes place from ___ to ___ years.

A

12 to 18 years

55
Q

Young adulthood takes place from ___ to ___ years.

A

19 to 40 years

56
Q

Middle adulthood takes place from ___ to ___ years.

A

40 to 64 years

57
Q

What is the #1 stress to a newborn?

A

cold

58
Q

T/F: One way we can see if a baby’s central nervous system is working is when the baby pees/poops.

A

True

59
Q

What 9 reflexes are commonly looked for at birth to assess neuromuscular development? (pp. 173-174 from the text)

A

1) Rooting
2) Sucking
3) Swallowing
4) Grasp
5) Tonic or Fencing
6) Moro or Startle
7) Stepping
8) Crawling
9) Babinski

60
Q

T/F: Babies can see full color when they are born.

A

False!

Babies only see black and white for the first 3 months after birth.

61
Q

What are some common health concerns for preschool/school-age children in the US, specifically the South?

A
  • childhood obesity
  • diabetes
  • asthma (this is a problem in the south)
62
Q

Health concerns for the adolescent?

A
  • drugs, alcohol, smoking
  • depression, suicide
  • eating disorders
  • cutting
  • pregnancy
  • learning to drive
63
Q

Health concerns for the young adult?

A
  • STD’s

- Cancer screenings

64
Q

Health concerns for the middle adult?

A
  • menopause/low testosterone
  • worsening HTN
  • higher obesity
  • cardiovascular disesases
  • COPD

Foundations (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions