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Foundations > T1: Chapter 21: Communication & Therapeutic Relationships- JM > Flashcards

T1: Chapter 21: Communication & Therapeutic Relationships- JM Flashcards

1
Q

What is “communication”?

A

A dynamic, reciprocal process of receiving messages. (verbal, nonverbal, both)

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2
Q

How many basic levels of communication?

A

THREE

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3
Q

What are the basic levels of communication?

A
  1. Intrapersonal (self-talk)
  2. Interpersonal (two or more ppl)
  3. Group
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4
Q

Communication that occurs between two or more people?

A

INTERpersonal

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5
Q

What is the most common type of interpersonal communication?

A

Face-to-Face

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6
Q

Communication that is conscious internal dialogue, AKA as “self-talk”.

A

INTRApersonal

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7
Q

When is interpersonal information gathered?

A
  • assessment
  • teaching
  • comfort
  • support
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8
Q

“I can’t do this, it is too difficult” is an example of:

A

Intrapersonal communication (self-talk)

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9
Q

Communication that occurs among several people

A

Group communication

  • Families, community, committee.
  • Focus on task. self-improvement, coping skills, etc.
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10
Q

Types of group communication:

A
  1. Small-group (2 or more people at same time)

2. public speaking (speaker addresses dozens to hundreds of people)

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11
Q

What are the elements of the communication process?

A
  • Sender delivers message to receiver (verbal/nonverbal)

- Receiver provides feedback to the sender

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12
Q

Actual subject matter, words, gestures, and substance of message

A

Context

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13
Q

The act of sending, receiving, interpreting, and reacting to a message?

A

Process

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14
Q

Who always begins the conversation to deliver a message to another person?

A

Sender

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15
Q

Who is also called the source or encoder?

A

Sender

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16
Q

The process of selecting the words, gestures, tone of voice, signs, and symbols used to translate a message?

A

Encoding

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17
Q

The __________ is the verbal/nonverbal information the sender communicates.

A

Message

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18
Q

The _________ is the medium used to send the message. What is the most common?

A

Channel

-face-to-face is most common

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19
Q

What is the observer, listener, and interpreter of the message?

A

Receiver

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20
Q

____________is relating the message to your past experiences to determine the sender’s meaning. AKA?

A

Interpretation

AKA Decoding

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21
Q

What ensures that the receiver received the message and understood it as the sender intended?

A

Feedback

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22
Q

____________ communication is the use of spoken and written words to send a message.

A

Verbal Communication

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23
Q

What factors are included in verbal communication?

A
  1. Vocabulary
  2. Denotative/Connotative Meaning
  3. Pacing
  4. Intonation (tone)
  5. Clarity/Brevity
  6. Timing/Relevance
  7. Credibility
  8. Humor
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24
Q

What factors are included in nonverbal communication?

A
  1. Facial expression
  2. Posture & Gait
  3. Person Appearance
  4. Gestures
  5. Touch
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25
Q

Which type of communication can exchange messages without the use of words?

A

Nonverbal communication

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26
Q

Communication on an unconscious level? AKA?

A

Nonverbal

-Body language

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27
Q

Which type of communication gives a more accurate account of how someone is truly feeling?

A

Nonverbal

28
Q

What factors affect communication?

A
  1. Environment
  2. Developmental Variations
  3. Gender
  4. Personal Space
  5. Territoriality
  6. Sociocultural
  7. Roles & Relationships
29
Q

Communication is most successful in what type of environment?

A

A COMFORTABLE ONE

-quiet, private, free or unpleasant smells, and a comfortable temperature

30
Q

What are some varying distances when thinking about personal space?`

A
  1. Intimate– 12 ft
31
Q

How is the distance between individuals engaged in communication affected?

A

Affected by the relationship of the individuals, the nature of the conversation, the setting, and cultural influences.

32
Q

What are the four styles of verbal communication?

A
  1. Passive
  2. Non- Assertive
  3. Assertive
  4. Aggressive
33
Q

Which communication approach avoids conflict and allows other to take the lead?

A

Passive approach

34
Q

Which approach tends to be submissive, indecisive, apologetic, or whining?

A

Passive approach

35
Q

Which approach forces the other to lose; with the goal to win and be in control?

A

Aggressive approach

36
Q

Which approach includes: being bossy, arrogant, opinionated, sarcastic, manipulative, intolerant, or overbearing?

A

Aggressive approach

37
Q

Which communication technique may be adopted when communicating with persons of higher or lower status? Is this a good thing?

A

non-assertive approach

-this UNCLEAR and INDIRECT communication contributes to errors and poor patient outcomes

38
Q

The communication approach involving the expression of a wide range of positive and negative thoughts and feelings.

A

Assertive Approach

39
Q

Style that is direct, open, honest, spontaneous, responsible, and nonjudgmental?

A

Assertive Approach

40
Q

What is the use of communication skills that results in a positive effect on client care?

A

Therapeutic Communication

41
Q

What is the foundation of professional nursing practice?

A

Therapeutic Communication

42
Q

What are the phases of the therapeutic (helping) relationship?

A
  1. Pre-interaction
  2. Orientation
  3. Working
  4. Termination
43
Q

When does the pre-interaction phase of a helping relationship begin?

A

Before you meet the patient

-gather info about client

44
Q

When does the Orientation phase of a helping relationship begin?

A

When you meet the patient and introduce yourself and your role in the relationship
-Address client by his preferred name

45
Q

Goal of the orientation phase?

A

Establish rapport and trust

46
Q

When does the orientation phase end?

A

When the relationship has been defined.

47
Q

When does the bulk of the therapeutic relationship occur?

A

The working phase (the active part)

48
Q

What occurs in the working phase of a helping relationship?

A

The nurse communicates caring, and the patient expresses thoughts and feelings–MUTUAL RESPECT

49
Q

What marks the termination phase?

A

The conclusion of the relationship.

-End of nurse’s shift, patient discharge

50
Q

What are the five key characteristics of therapeutic communication?

A
  1. Empathy
  2. Respect
  3. Genuineness
  4. Concreteness
  5. Confrontation
51
Q

How is empathy communicated?

A

requires you to be willingness to adapt your style, tone, vocabulary, and behavior to create a best approach for each client situation.

52
Q

How do you communicate respect?

A

Value the client and be flexible to meet the client’s needs (adjust to your client, not your client adjusting to you)

53
Q

_______________ is the ability to respond honestly.

A

Genuineness

-If you do not know how to answer a question, then don’t guess–tell the client you don’t know but will find out

54
Q

How can you enhance communication?

A
  • listen actively
  • establish trust
  • be assertive (not abrasive)
  • restate messages
  • clarify & validate messages
  • interpret body language
  • share observations
  • explore issues
  • use silence (LISTEN!!!)
  • summarize the conversation
55
Q

_________ means using your own words to summarize the message you received from the client.

A

Restating

56
Q

What can you do to ensure you have accurately interpreted a message?

A

Clarify

57
Q

What are some barriers to communication?

A
  • Asking too many questions
  • Asking “why”
  • Fire-hosing
  • changing the subject inappropriately
  • failing to probe
  • expressing approval or disapproval
  • offering advice
  • providing false reassurance
  • stereotyping
  • using patronizing language
58
Q

What is the issue with excessive questioning?

A

It may suggest insensitivity or lack of respect for the client’s issues.

59
Q

What is the biggest reason we do not want to directly ask “Why?”

A

Patients will get defensive/ feel attacked; it suggests criticism

60
Q

What occurs in fire-hosing information?

A

When an overwhelming amount of information is given to the patient/family all at once, and the patient leaves the conversation only recalling a small fraction

61
Q

What is the importance of probing in a patient assessment?

A

The nurse can gather more detailed information specific to the issue, and can therefore better help care for the patient.

62
Q

What occurs in elderspeak?

A

Healthcare workers may unintentionally show disrespect to elderly patients by using phrases or high-pitched child-like voices with them that suggest they are to be treated like a child.

63
Q

When working with a client who is from another culture, what should you first do?

A

Assess

  • Are there any cultural/spiritual things I should be aware of when providing care?
  • Language–do they need a translator?
64
Q

When working with a patient is who hearing impaired, what should you do?

A
  • Make sure hearing aids are in ear/turned off (if they have them)
  • Ask if there is a better ear to talk to
  • Talk with a clear voice where patient can see your mouth move (don’t have to yell at them)
  • minimize room background noise
65
Q

When working with a patient with a vision-impairment, what should you do?

A
  • Make you presence known: state who you are and why you are there
  • Tell what you are going to do before you do it
  • describe room and layout
  • explain unfamiliar sounds
  • talk before touching
  • speak at a normal volume
66
Q

What do you need to keep in mind when working with a patient with impaired cognition/consciousness?

A
  • Always try to communicate with THE PATIENT
  • don’t rush the client
  • reduce environmental distractions
  • approach patient direction (not the caregiver)
  • talk first, touch second
  • short close-ended sentences
  • use gestures

Foundations (10 decks)

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