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Foundations > T1: Chapter 21: Communication & Therapeutic Relationships- JM > Flashcards

T1: Chapter 21: Communication & Therapeutic Relationships- JM Flashcards

1
Q

What is “communication”?

A

A dynamic, reciprocal process of receiving messages. (verbal, nonverbal, both)

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2
Q

How many basic levels of communication?

A

THREE

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3
Q

What are the basic levels of communication?

A
  1. Intrapersonal (self-talk)
  2. Interpersonal (two or more ppl)
  3. Group
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4
Q

Communication that occurs between two or more people?

A

INTERpersonal

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5
Q

What is the most common type of interpersonal communication?

A

Face-to-Face

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6
Q

Communication that is conscious internal dialogue, AKA as “self-talk”.

A

INTRApersonal

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7
Q

When is interpersonal information gathered?

A
  • assessment
  • teaching
  • comfort
  • support
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8
Q

“I can’t do this, it is too difficult” is an example of:

A

Intrapersonal communication (self-talk)

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9
Q

Communication that occurs among several people

A

Group communication

  • Families, community, committee.
  • Focus on task. self-improvement, coping skills, etc.
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10
Q

Types of group communication:

A
  1. Small-group (2 or more people at same time)

2. public speaking (speaker addresses dozens to hundreds of people)

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11
Q

What are the elements of the communication process?

A
  • Sender delivers message to receiver (verbal/nonverbal)

- Receiver provides feedback to the sender

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12
Q

Actual subject matter, words, gestures, and substance of message

A

Context

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13
Q

The act of sending, receiving, interpreting, and reacting to a message?

A

Process

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14
Q

Who always begins the conversation to deliver a message to another person?

A

Sender

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15
Q

Who is also called the source or encoder?

A

Sender

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16
Q

The process of selecting the words, gestures, tone of voice, signs, and symbols used to translate a message?

A

Encoding

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17
Q

The __________ is the verbal/nonverbal information the sender communicates.

A

Message

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18
Q

The _________ is the medium used to send the message. What is the most common?

A

Channel

-face-to-face is most common

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19
Q

What is the observer, listener, and interpreter of the message?

A

Receiver

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20
Q

____________is relating the message to your past experiences to determine the sender’s meaning. AKA?

A

Interpretation

AKA Decoding

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21
Q

What ensures that the receiver received the message and understood it as the sender intended?

A

Feedback

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22
Q

____________ communication is the use of spoken and written words to send a message.

A

Verbal Communication

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23
Q

What factors are included in verbal communication?

A
  1. Vocabulary
  2. Denotative/Connotative Meaning
  3. Pacing
  4. Intonation (tone)
  5. Clarity/Brevity
  6. Timing/Relevance
  7. Credibility
  8. Humor
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24
Q

What factors are included in nonverbal communication?

A
  1. Facial expression
  2. Posture & Gait
  3. Person Appearance
  4. Gestures
  5. Touch
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25
Which type of communication can exchange messages without the use of words?
Nonverbal communication
26
Communication on an unconscious level? AKA?
Nonverbal | -Body language
27
Which type of communication gives a more accurate account of how someone is truly feeling?
Nonverbal
28
What factors affect communication?
1. Environment 2. Developmental Variations 3. Gender 4. Personal Space 5. Territoriality 6. Sociocultural 7. Roles & Relationships
29
Communication is most successful in what type of environment?
A COMFORTABLE ONE | -quiet, private, free or unpleasant smells, and a comfortable temperature
30
What are some varying distances when thinking about personal space?`
1. Intimate-- 12 ft
31
How is the distance between individuals engaged in communication affected?
Affected by the relationship of the individuals, the nature of the conversation, the setting, and cultural influences.
32
What are the four styles of verbal communication?
1. Passive 2. Non- Assertive 3. Assertive 4. Aggressive
33
Which communication approach avoids conflict and allows other to take the lead?
Passive approach
34
Which approach tends to be submissive, indecisive, apologetic, or whining?
Passive approach
35
Which approach forces the other to lose; with the goal to win and be in control?
Aggressive approach
36
Which approach includes: being bossy, arrogant, opinionated, sarcastic, manipulative, intolerant, or overbearing?
Aggressive approach
37
Which communication technique may be adopted when communicating with persons of higher or lower status? Is this a good thing?
non-assertive approach | -this UNCLEAR and INDIRECT communication contributes to errors and poor patient outcomes
38
The communication approach involving the expression of a wide range of positive and negative thoughts and feelings.
Assertive Approach
39
Style that is direct, open, honest, spontaneous, responsible, and nonjudgmental?
Assertive Approach
40
What is the use of communication skills that results in a positive effect on client care?
Therapeutic Communication
41
What is the foundation of professional nursing practice?
Therapeutic Communication
42
What are the phases of the therapeutic (helping) relationship?
1. Pre-interaction 2. Orientation 3. Working 4. Termination
43
When does the pre-interaction phase of a helping relationship begin?
Before you meet the patient | -gather info about client
44
When does the Orientation phase of a helping relationship begin?
When you meet the patient and introduce yourself and your role in the relationship -Address client by his preferred name
45
Goal of the orientation phase?
Establish rapport and trust
46
When does the orientation phase end?
When the relationship has been defined.
47
When does the bulk of the therapeutic relationship occur?
The working phase (the active part)
48
What occurs in the working phase of a helping relationship?
The nurse communicates caring, and the patient expresses thoughts and feelings--MUTUAL RESPECT
49
What marks the termination phase?
The conclusion of the relationship. | -End of nurse's shift, patient discharge
50
What are the five key characteristics of therapeutic communication?
1. Empathy 2. Respect 3. Genuineness 4. Concreteness 5. Confrontation
51
How is empathy communicated?
requires you to be willingness to adapt your style, tone, vocabulary, and behavior to create a best approach for each client situation.
52
How do you communicate respect?
Value the client and be flexible to meet the client's needs (adjust to your client, not your client adjusting to you)
53
_______________ is the ability to respond honestly.
Genuineness | -If you do not know how to answer a question, then don't guess--tell the client you don't know but will find out
54
How can you enhance communication?
- listen actively - establish trust - be assertive (not abrasive) - restate messages - clarify & validate messages - interpret body language - share observations - explore issues - use silence (LISTEN!!!) - summarize the conversation
55
_________ means using your own words to summarize the message you received from the client.
Restating
56
What can you do to ensure you have accurately interpreted a message?
Clarify
57
What are some barriers to communication?
- Asking too many questions - Asking "why" - Fire-hosing - changing the subject inappropriately - failing to probe - expressing approval or disapproval - offering advice - providing false reassurance - stereotyping - using patronizing language
58
What is the issue with excessive questioning?
It may suggest insensitivity or lack of respect for the client's issues.
59
What is the biggest reason we do not want to directly ask "Why?"
Patients will get defensive/ feel attacked; it suggests criticism
60
What occurs in fire-hosing information?
When an overwhelming amount of information is given to the patient/family all at once, and the patient leaves the conversation only recalling a small fraction
61
What is the importance of probing in a patient assessment?
The nurse can gather more detailed information specific to the issue, and can therefore better help care for the patient.
62
What occurs in elderspeak?
Healthcare workers may unintentionally show disrespect to elderly patients by using phrases or high-pitched child-like voices with them that suggest they are to be treated like a child.
63
When working with a client who is from another culture, what should you first do?
Assess - Are there any cultural/spiritual things I should be aware of when providing care? - Language--do they need a translator?
64
When working with a patient is who hearing impaired, what should you do?
- Make sure hearing aids are in ear/turned off (if they have them) - Ask if there is a better ear to talk to - Talk with a clear voice where patient can see your mouth move (don't have to yell at them) - minimize room background noise
65
When working with a patient with a vision-impairment, what should you do?
- Make you presence known: state who you are and why you are there - Tell what you are going to do before you do it - describe room and layout - explain unfamiliar sounds - talk before touching - speak at a normal volume
66
What do you need to keep in mind when working with a patient with impaired cognition/consciousness?
- Always try to communicate with THE PATIENT - don't rush the client - reduce environmental distractions - approach patient direction (not the caregiver) - talk first, touch second - short close-ended sentences - use gestures

Foundations (10 decks)

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