T1 Alt Q Flashcards
What are the main structures derived from the Telencephalon?
Basal nuclei (ganglia), olfactory lobes and nerves, and cerebral cortex.
What are the main structures derived from the Diencephalon?
Epithalamus, hypothalamus, thalamus, and infundibulum
What are the main structures derived from the Mesencephalon?
Superior colliculi, inferior colliculi, and tegmentum
What are the main structures derived from the Metencaphalon?
Cerebellum and pons
What are the main structures derived from the Myelcephalon?
Medulla oblongata and posterior choroid plexus
What neurotransmitters are always excitatory?
Glutamate, acetylcholine
What neurotransmitters are always inhibitory?
GABA, dopamine, glycine
What neurotransmitters can be either excitatory or inhibitory?
Norepinephrine
What is occulta spina bifida?
Failure of the inferior neuropore to close, causing a failure of the vertebral arch(es) to develop in caudal area.
What is meningomyeloce spina bifida?
Both meninges and spinal cord are found in sac
What is myeloschisis spina bifida?
Failure of the caudal neural fold to close. This is the most severe of the defects
What is the function of Ia interneurons?
Responsible for inhibition of antagonistic muscle groups
What is the function of Ib interneurons?
Fibers from golgi tendon organs.
What is the function of the angular gyrus?
funnels information to Wernicke’s and Broca’s areas
What IS effected with an Arnold Chiari defect?
Hearing, movement of the tongue, and facial expression
Tonic receptors
slow adapting
Phasic receptors
fast adapting
What is differential sensitivity?
Each type of receptor is highly sensitive to one type of stimulus and is almost non-responsive to other types
What is modality?
refers to each of the principal type of sensation
What is the labeled line principal?
refers to the specificity of nerve fibers for transmitting only one modality of sensation
What is adaptation?
All sensory receptors adapt either partially or completely to any constant stimulus after a period of time
Brodmann’s areas 123 are associated with what?
Sensory cortex (Primary somatosensory area)
Brodmann’s area 5 and 7 are associated with what?
Somatosensory association
What is Arnold-Chiari deformity?
Deformity in which the inferior cerebellum and medulla are elongated and protrude into vertebral canal. Medulla and pons are small and deformed. Hydrocephalus. Malformation of lower cranial nerves causing deafness, as well as tongue, facial muscle, and lateral eye movement weakness.
