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Immunology > T-Cell Activation > Flashcards

T-Cell Activation Flashcards

1
Q

T- cell co stimulatory molecules in T-cell activation

A

CD4, CD28, CD2, LFA-1, CD40: (CD154)

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2
Q

Dendritic cell co-stimulatory molecules in T-cell activation

A

HLA class II peptide, HLA class II, B7-1(CD80), B7-2(CD86), LFA-3, ICAM-1, ICAM-2, CD40

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3
Q

Thp Activation

A

Expression of IL-2R, Secretion of IL-2, Autocrine and paracrine, clonal expansion of THP differentiation to TH0

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4
Q

Th0

A

secretes IL-2, IL-4, IFN gamma,

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5
Q

IL-2 is a growth factor for

A

T-cells

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6
Q

IL-4 polarizes

A

response to TH2,

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7
Q

IFN gamma polarizes

A

response to Th1

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8
Q

IL-4 likely source is

A

mast cell

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9
Q

IFN gamm source is

A

IL-12 activated NK cells.

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10
Q

CTLA-4 is also known as

A

CD152

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11
Q

CD152 has a higher affinity for

A

CD80 and CD86 than CD28

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12
Q

CD200R is located on

A

Activated T-cells

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13
Q

Signaling via CD200R is

A

inhibitory

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14
Q

nTregs come from

A

thymic differentiation

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15
Q

a/i Tregs differentiate from

A

Th0

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16
Q

nTregs go after

A

self reactive T cells that have escaped negative selection

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17
Q

both nTregs and a/i Tregs suppress

A

various immune responses

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18
Q

IL-10 down regulates

A

secretion of IL-12 by dendritic cells

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19
Q

IL-12 secreted by Dendritic cells affects

A

INF gamma secretion by NK cells and hence Th1 and Th1 cytokines

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20
Q

nTregs contain

A

CD4+, CD25+, and FOXP3+

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21
Q

nTregs also negatively control

A

immune responses to allo/non-self antigens

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22
Q

Depletion of nTregs enhances

A

immune response to pathogens

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23
Q

Depletion of nTregs leads to

A

tumor rejection

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24
Q

Genetic mutations in FoxP3 result in

A

deficiency or dysfunction of Tregs

25
Q

Mutations Tregs=

A

disorder, IPEX (immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome.

26
Q

a/i Tregs arise

A

in periphery following activation of Thp and Th0 cells

27
Q

a/i tRegs differentiation requires

A

TGF Beta

28
Q

Phenotype for a/i Tregs is

A

CD4+, CD25+, FOXP3+

29
Q

FOXP3 is a transcription factor that

A

is essentatil for development and function of regulatory T cells

30
Q

a/i Tregs control

A

immune response to both foreign and to self antigens by down regulating the function of effector CD4+ and effector CD8+

31
Q

three stages of Th17 differentiation

A

–differentiation which involves IL-1/IL6 and TGF Beta –stabilization(IL12 from dendritic cells and macrophages) –amplification (secreted by TH17 cells growth factor)

32
Q

Role in the immune response against extracellular pathogens not

A

eliminated by the CD4+ Th1 and CD4+ Th2 effector cells

33
Q

Th17 is effective in

A

eliminating fungal infections

34
Q

Th17 cells secrete

A

proinflammatory cytokines IL-17, IL-21, IL-22

35
Q

Th17 induce

A

the secretion of inflammatory mediators from macrophages and other cells that play a role in inflammation

36
Q

Inflammatory mediators include

A

various cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases

37
Q

memory cells immunosurvey since they

A

have been presensitized to the immunizing agent that induced their differentiation

38
Q

re-exposure results in

A

secondary responses in a rapid 1-2 days

39
Q

conditions for memory T cell activation are

A

less stringent in requirements for adhesion and costimulatory molecules

40
Q

Antigen presenting cells (other than dendritic cells) can serve in

A

in the capacity of adhesion and costimulatory molecules early in response to antigen reexposure

41
Q

memory cell activation can occur at

A

the site of antigen contact, rather than in secondary lymphoid tissues.

42
Q

Memory CD4+ T cells secrete

A

cytokines.

43
Q

Type 2 Cytokines

A

IL-4,5,6,10,13 and TFG beta – they support B cell differentiation to plasma cells. –support isotype switching to IgG1 and IGE

44
Q

Thp cells differentiate to

A

Th1, Th2, a/iTregs, Th17

45
Q

activation of T-cells requires that the antigen

A

be displayed on the surface of an antigen presenting cell in association with Class II MHC

46
Q

the most effecient antigen presenting cell is

A

the dendritic cell.

47
Q

The antigen presenting dendritic cell expresses both

A

MHC class II and costimulatory molecules whose countermolecules are present on the T cell

48
Q

When a T cell interacts with peptide/MHC complexes in the absence of these costimulatory interactions then

A

the T cell becomes unresponsive

49
Q

ThP express receptors

A

IL-2 receptors and secrete the cytokine IL-2 that function in both autocrine and paracrine manner

50
Q

interaction with IL-2 and its receptors induces

A

clonal expansion of antigen stimulated T cells which increase the number of T cells with specificity uniquely recognizing the peptide/MHC class II complex that induced the initial differentiation

51
Q

critical signal in Tcell activation leading to clonal expansion is

A

CD28- CD80/86 interaction

52
Q

CD28-CD 80/86 interaction triggers

A

signal transduction events that lead to the stabilization of mRNA for IL-2

53
Q

Type 1 cytokines

A

IL-2 TNF, IFN gamma, support responses in which macrophages, NKC and CD8+tcells are effectors responsible for delayed type hypersensitivity responses that are manifestations of actibation of memory CD4+ Th1 cells. REQUIRED for immunity against viruses, parasites, fungi and intracellular bacteria

54
Q

Isotype switching requires contribution of

A

both type 1 and type 2 cytokines

55
Q

6 downregulators of T-cell activation

A

–elimination of infection –reciptorcal regulation (Th1 and Th2) – CTLA-4 CD152 interaction –CD200-CD200R interaction –apoptosis – Tregs

56
Q

CTLA-4 is not expressed

A

constitutively but peaks two days after the initial T cell activation and disappears by day 4

57
Q

CD200R is expressed primarily on

A

the cells of the myeloid lineage and on some T cells. 9higher on CD4 and higher on memory than naive.

58
Q

CD200R expression is upregulated on

A

both CD4+ and CD8+ after stimulation

Immunology (14 decks)

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