T-2: Fluids

Question 1

Hypernatremia?

Answer 1

Elevated serum sodium

Question 2

Describe Diffusion?

Answer 2

Molecules moving from High to low concentration without need for energy.

Question 3

Unique to patients with third spacing is their hydration status. How so?

Answer 3

They are usually fluid depleted.

Question 4

What is the function of ANF and BNP, and how do they work?

Answer 4

Diuresis of Na+ and water. They suppress renin and aldosterone, and cause vasodilation.

Question 5

Patients with fluid Excess: Labs for BUN?, Hematocrit?, Na?, K?

Answer 5

BUN-Decreased, Hematocrit-Decreased, Na-Elevated, K-Decreased

Question 6

Albumin?

Answer 6

3.6-5.0

Question 7

Extracellular area referes to???

Answer 7

The area outside the cells and is composed to 2 sub groups: 1.Interstitial fluid, 2. Intravascular space.

Question 8

Central Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 8

A disorder of the hypothalamus. Either not producing ADH or The pituitary is not receiving the message to release ADH.

Question 9

Facilitated Diffusion…Describe?

Answer 9

Large molecules that use a transport protein to move from High to Low concentration. No energy required.

Question 10

Describe how a hypertonic solution works?

Answer 10

Its draws fluid into the vascular space (Blood Vessels)

Question 11

Active Transport…Describe?

Answer 11

The movement of molecules that move from Low to high concentration. Needs energy

Question 12

S/S of Fluid Volume deficit?

Answer 12

Decreased BP Pulse= Thready Increased HR

Question 13

Osmotic Pressure or Oncotic pressure is defined as?

Answer 13

The force created by plasma proteins in the vascular system that pulls fluid from the interstitial space.

Question 14

S/S of fluid overload include?

Answer 14

Bounding pulses, increased BP, Tachycardia,

Question 15

Most important vials to asses with p/t with Fluid excess are?

Answer 15

RR/ BP/ P

Question 16

Transcellular fluid is?

Answer 16

Fluid contained within specialized cavities of the body that don’t circulate.

Question 17

Serum Creatinine?

Answer 17

0.6-1.5

Question 18

Solvent?

Answer 18

A Liquid with dissolved solutes E.g. Water(solvent) with urea dissolved in it.

Question 19

Name the disease: Disorder of decreased ADH, causing Polyuria, polydipsia?

Answer 19

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 20

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)?

Answer 20

10-20

Question 21

Would Diabetes insipidus cause what type of urine?

Answer 21

Dilute urine, Low specific gravity

Question 22

Hyponatremia?

Answer 22

Low serum sodium

Question 23

If GFR is above 60 what does that indicate?

Answer 23

Excess fluid

Question 24

serum osmolarity?

Answer 24

280-295

Question 25

Diluted urine indicated by specific gravity is?

Answer 25

< 1.010

Question 26

Third spacing means?

Answer 26

Fluid has accumulated in cavities of the body not easily exchanged with the rest of the body.

Question 27

Excess of Free Water volume causes?

Answer 27

Dilution hyponatremia

Question 28

If GFR is below 60 what does that indicate?

Answer 28

Fluid deficit

Question 29

Giving to much of a hypertonic solution can be deadly, what the first symptom we look for?

Answer 29

Resp problems, fluids fills lungs, SOB, Later Brain issues seen. Water leaves the brain cells (causing herniation)

Question 30

Insensible fluid loss, defined as?

Answer 30

Fluids lost from the body that can’t be measured

Question 31

The normal osmolarity of Isotonic solutions?

Answer 31

240-340

Question 32

Treatment for fluid excess includes?

Answer 32

Diuretics, angiotensin 2 blockers, ACE inhibitors, IandO,

Question 33

When is ANF and BNP released into circulation?

Answer 33

When fluid is increased

Question 34

The fluid in the spaces between the cells or around tissues is called?

Answer 34

Interstitial fluid

Question 35

Stress on the body do what to fluid?

Answer 35

Retains it

Question 36

Concentrated urine indicated by specific gravity is?

Answer 36

> 1.025

Question 37

Hydrostatic Pressure?

Answer 37

Force exerted on the vessel walls by fluid flowing through them. The major force that pushes water out of the vascular system and into the interstitial space.

Question 38

First Spacing refers to?

Answer 38

Normal fluid in the ICF and ECF

Question 39

BNP test are most often ordered, what is it a good indicator of?

Answer 39

CHF

Question 40

Second spacing describes?

Answer 40

Abnormal amount of fluid in interstitial space E.g. Edema

Question 41

Define Hypovolemia?

Answer 41

Extracellular fluid volume deficit

Question 42

How long can a IV bag remain up and running before needing change?

Answer 42

24 hours

Question 43

When giving a hypotonic solution whats the 1st sign that indicates a problem?

Answer 43

Altered LOC, Lethargy, Headaches

Question 44

Define Hypervolemia?

Answer 44

Extracellular fluid volume excess

Question 45

How does fluid move when a hypotonic solution is given?

Answer 45

Leaves the blood vessel and fills the interstitial space then enters the cells.

Question 46

Solute?

Answer 46

A substance dissolved into a solution. E.g. Sodium(solute) is dissolved into water).

Question 47

The intracellular area includes?

Answer 47

The area within the cells

Question 48

The Fluid within the blood vessels is termed?

Answer 48

Intravascular fluid

Question 49

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 49

The kidneys have lost sensitivity to ADH

Question 50

Treatment for Fluid volume deficit?

Answer 50

IV fluids on 0.9% NS