Integumentary System

Question 1

Cyanosis? and what does it mean?

Answer 1

Bluish in color indicator of deoxygenated blood. In dark skinned individuals: ashen grey lips and tongue

Question 2

Pallor? and what does it mean?

Answer 2

Paleness, sign of anemia, edema, shock. Dark skin: Ashen, grey, underlying red tone is gone.

Question 3

Erythema? what does it mean?

Answer 3

Redness, increased blood flow, inflammation. Dark skin: hard to see, based on palpitation with warmth and edema.

Question 4

Ecchymosis? what does it mean?

Answer 4

Black and Blue, hemorrhage into the skin Dark skinned: Need good lighting

Question 5

Petechiae? what does it mean?

Answer 5

Pinpoint hemorrhages Dark Skin: seen in oral opening and conjunctiva

Question 6

Jaundice? What does it mean?

Answer 6

Yellowing d/t increased bile salts Dark skin: Sclera, oral, palms, soles

Question 7

Describe a Primary Skin Lesion?

Answer 7

A lesion that develops on previously unaltered skin

Question 8

Describe a Secondary Skin Lesion

Answer 8

Lesions that change with time or occur because of factors such as scratching or infection.

Question 9

Circumscribed, Flat, with change is skin color

Less than 0.5cm is called?

Greater than 0.5cm is called?

Primary or secondary?

Answer 9

Less than 0.5cm is called macule

Greater than 0.5cm is called Patch

Primary

Question 10

Elevated, solid lesion

Less than 0.5cm is called?

Greater than 0.5cm is called?

Primary or secondary?

Answer 10

Less than 0.5cm is called? Papule

Greater than 0.5cm is called? Nodule

Primary

Question 11

Circumscribed, elevated solid lesion greater

than 0.5cm is called?

Primary or Secondary?

Answer 11

Plaque

Primary

Question 12

Circumscribed, fluid filled lesion, less than 0.5cm

is called?

Primary or secondary?

Answer 12

Vesicle

Primary

Question 13

Firm, edematous, irregular shape?

Primary or secondary?

Answer 13

Wheal

Primary

Question 14

Elevated, superficial lesion, filled with purulent fluid?

Primary or secondary?

Answer 14

Pustule

Primary

Question 15

Linear crack or break from the

epidermis to dermis?

Primary or secondary?

Answer 15

Fissure

Secondary

Question 16

Excess skin by shedding?

Primary or secondary?

Answer 16

Scale

Secondary

Question 17

Abnormal formation of connective tissue; replaces normal skin?

Primary or secondary?

Answer 17

Scar

Secondary

Question 18

Loss of epidermis, extends into dermis, forms a crater?

Primary or secondary?

Answer 18

Ulcer

Secondary

Question 19

Depression, or thinning of the epidermis or dermis?

Primary or secondary?

Answer 19

Atrophy

Secondary

Question 20

Linear lines in which the epidermis is missing exposing the dermis?

Primary or secondary?

Answer 20

Excoriation

Secondary

Question 21

Caused by chronic exposure to the sun

Rough, scaly, red, or brown

Found on face, scalp, arms, back of hands

Answer 21

Actinic Keratoses

Can progress to squamous cell carcinoma

Question 22

Is a form of cancer

Most common found in people

metastasis is rare?

Answer 22

Basal cell carcinoma

Waxy boarder

papule, red, central crater

Question 23

A tumor of the epithelial keratinocytes

can infiltrate to surround structures and metastize

Answer 23

Squamous Cell carcinoma

Usually found on the side of the face

Question 24

Very aggressive form of skin cancer

Occurs on any place of the body

highly metastatic

Answer 24

Melanoma

Question 25

Thickening of the skin with accentuated normal skin markings

Answer 25

Lichenification Caused by repeated scratching, rubbing, irritation

Question 26

Group Beta strep or staph Very contagious Name? Treatment?

Answer 26

Impetigo Antibiotics Local: Warm saline or aluminium acetate soaks remove crust with soap and water Topical antibiotic cream

Question 27

Staph, At areas with increased friction. Small pustule at hair follicle with minimal erythema develops crust, tender touch? Treatment?

Answer 27

Folliculitis Anti staph soap H2O cleaning, topical antibiotics. Warm compress with H2O or aluminium acetate.

Question 28

Deep infection around hair follicle with staph Tender, erythema, draining pus, core of necrotic ish Shit hurts like a bitch? Treatment?

Answer 28

Furnuncle I&D, packing, antibiotics frequent warm moist compresses

Question 29

Multiple interconnecting furnucles many pustules appear erythematous? Treatment?

Answer 29

Carbuncle I&D, possible packing, antibiotics frequent warm moist compresses

Question 30

Superficial involving the dermis d/t Group A 𝜷-hemolytic strep Red, hot, indurated plaque Fever, headache, malaise? Treatment?

Answer 30

Erysipelas Systemic antibiotics, penicillin Hospitalization often required.

Question 31

Inflammation of sub-q tissues, often following break in skin Most often from S. Aureus and strep Hot, tender, red, inflammed Inflammation d/t enzymes from bacteria? Treatment?

Answer 31

Cellulitis Moist heat, immobilization, elevation, systemic antibiotics, can progess to gangrene if untreated Give pain meds

Question 32

A Chronic, inflammatory skin disorder, genetic disposition Usual onset before the age of 1 presenting with red cheecks

Answer 32

Atopic Dematitis or "Eczema"

Question 33

Treatment options for Dematitis? (just the types- and their basic info as to what they do)

Answer 33

1. Antihystamines- used to control inflammation and reduce itching. 2. Analgesics/topical anesthetics may be perscribed for pain relief. 3. Topical corticosteroids- most effective for controlling itching and inflammation.

Question 34

The important facts \*topical cortico" 1. High potency- Treat? how long? 2. Moderate potency- Are for? 3. Low-potency- Are perscribed for?

Answer 34

1. acute flare-ups used for 2-3 weeks 2. prolonged therapy of chronic dematitis 3. perscribed for childeren

Question 35

Describe the stages of Atopic Dermatitis? How the skin presents a break out from acute to chronic Acute? Subacute? Chronic?

Answer 35

Acute: Bright erythema, oozing vesicles, and itching Subacute: Scaly, light red-brown plaques Chronic: Thickened skin with lichenification

Question 36

Describe the presentation of Contact Dermatitis? How does the skin change, or what is the manifestation?

Answer 36

2-7 days after exposure Red papules and plaques form. Sharpley circumscribed with occasional vesicles. Itching usually occurs.

Question 37

Silvery scaling plaques on reddish colored skin. Autoimmune chronic dermatitis Involves rapid turnover of epidermal cells Usually develops before the age of 40

Answer 37

Psoriasis

Question 38

Psoriasis 1. Treatment goal? 2. Topical treatments? 3. Systemic treatments?

Answer 38

1. Reduce inflammation 2. Corticosteroids, tar, calciotriene, anthralin, 3. methotrexate, Retinoid, immunosuppressive,

Question 39

What side effects are associated with high-potency corticosteroids?

Answer 39

Atrophy of the skin Capillary fragility Increased brusing risk Hypopigmentation of the skin

Question 40

Describe Linezolid

Answer 40

Is a anti-infective Treats skin complications from S. aureus Monitor bowel function b/c possible C. diff Notify Dr. eye changes, diarrhea, bloodly stools cramping

Question 41

Describe Ketaconazole

Answer 41

Antifungal medication For Thrush, athletes foot, jock itch, ringworm