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Nursing 25 Mrs P > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Cyanosis? and what does it mean?

A

Bluish in color indicator of deoxygenated blood. In dark skinned individuals: ashen grey lips and tongue

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2
Q

Pallor? and what does it mean?

A

Paleness, sign of anemia, edema, shock. Dark skin: Ashen, grey, underlying red tone is gone.

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3
Q

Erythema? what does it mean?

A

Redness, increased blood flow, inflammation. Dark skin: hard to see, based on palpitation with warmth and edema.

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4
Q

Ecchymosis? what does it mean?

A

Black and Blue, hemorrhage into the skin Dark skinned: Need good lighting

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5
Q

Petechiae? what does it mean?

A

Pinpoint hemorrhages Dark Skin: seen in oral opening and conjunctiva

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6
Q

Jaundice? What does it mean?

A

Yellowing d/t increased bile salts Dark skin: Sclera, oral, palms, soles

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7
Q

Describe a Primary Skin Lesion?

A

A lesion that develops on previously unaltered skin

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8
Q

Describe a Secondary Skin Lesion

A

Lesions that change with time or occur because of factors such as scratching or infection.

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9
Q

Circumscribed, Flat, with change is skin color

Less than 0.5cm is called?

Greater than 0.5cm is called?

Primary or secondary?

A

Less than 0.5cm is called macule

Greater than 0.5cm is called Patch

Primary

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10
Q

Elevated, solid lesion

Less than 0.5cm is called?

Greater than 0.5cm is called?

Primary or secondary?

A

Less than 0.5cm is called? Papule

Greater than 0.5cm is called? Nodule

Primary

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11
Q

Circumscribed, elevated solid lesion greater

than 0.5cm is called?

Primary or Secondary?

A

Plaque

Primary

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12
Q

Circumscribed, fluid filled lesion, less than 0.5cm

is called?

Primary or secondary?

A

Vesicle

Primary

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13
Q

Firm, edematous, irregular shape?

Primary or secondary?

A

Wheal

Primary

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14
Q

Elevated, superficial lesion, filled with purulent fluid?

Primary or secondary?

A

Pustule

Primary

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15
Q

Linear crack or break from the

epidermis to dermis?

Primary or secondary?

A

Fissure

Secondary

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16
Q

Excess skin by shedding?

Primary or secondary?

A

Scale

Secondary

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17
Q

Abnormal formation of connective tissue; replaces normal skin?

Primary or secondary?

A

Scar

Secondary

18
Q

Loss of epidermis, extends into dermis, forms a crater?

Primary or secondary?

A

Ulcer

Secondary

19
Q

Depression, or thinning of the epidermis or dermis?

Primary or secondary?

A

Atrophy

Secondary

20
Q

Linear lines in which the epidermis is missing exposing the dermis?

Primary or secondary?

A

Excoriation

Secondary

21
Q

Caused by chronic exposure to the sun

Rough, scaly, red, or brown

Found on face, scalp, arms, back of hands

A

Actinic Keratoses

Can progress to squamous cell carcinoma

22
Q

Is a form of cancer

Most common found in people

metastasis is rare?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

Waxy boarder

papule, red, central crater

23
Q

A tumor of the epithelial keratinocytes

can infiltrate to surround structures and metastize

A

Squamous Cell carcinoma

Usually found on the side of the face

24
Q

Very aggressive form of skin cancer

Occurs on any place of the body

highly metastatic

25
Q

Thickening of the skin with accentuated normal skin markings

A

Lichenification

Caused by repeated scratching, rubbing, irritation

26
Q

Group Beta strep or staph

Very contagious

Name? Treatment?

A

Impetigo

Antibiotics

Local: Warm saline or aluminium acetate soaks

remove crust with soap and water

Topical antibiotic cream

27
Q

Staph, At areas with increased friction.

Small pustule at hair follicle with minimal erythema

develops crust, tender touch?

Treatment?

A

Folliculitis

Anti staph soap H2O cleaning, topical antibiotics.

Warm compress with H2O or aluminium acetate.

28
Q

Deep infection around hair follicle with staph

Tender, erythema, draining pus, core of necrotic ish

Shit hurts like a bitch?

Treatment?

A

Furnuncle

I&D, packing, antibiotics

frequent warm moist compresses

29
Q

Multiple interconnecting furnucles

many pustules appear erythematous?

Treatment?

A

Carbuncle

I&D, possible packing, antibiotics

frequent warm moist compresses

30
Q

Superficial involving the dermis

d/t Group A 𝜷-hemolytic strep

Red, hot, indurated plaque

Fever, headache, malaise?

Treatment?

A

Erysipelas

Systemic antibiotics, penicillin

Hospitalization often required.

31
Q

Inflammation of sub-q tissues, often following break in skin

Most often from S. Aureus and strep

Hot, tender, red, inflammed

Inflammation d/t enzymes from bacteria?

Treatment?

A

Cellulitis

Moist heat, immobilization, elevation, systemic antibiotics, can progess to gangrene if untreated

Give pain meds

32
Q

A Chronic, inflammatory skin disorder, genetic disposition

Usual onset before the age of 1 presenting with red cheecks

A

Atopic Dematitis

or “Eczema”

33
Q

Treatment options for Dematitis?

(just the types- and their basic info as to what they do)

A
  1. Antihystamines- used to control inflammation and reduce itching.
  2. Analgesics/topical anesthetics may be perscribed for pain relief.
  3. Topical corticosteroids- most effective for controlling itching and inflammation.
34
Q

The important facts *topical cortico”

  1. High potency- Treat? how long?
  2. Moderate potency- Are for?
  3. Low-potency- Are perscribed for?
A
  1. acute flare-ups used for 2-3 weeks
  2. prolonged therapy of chronic dematitis
  3. perscribed for childeren
35
Q

Describe the stages of Atopic Dermatitis?

How the skin presents a break out from acute to chronic

Acute?

Subacute?

Chronic?

A

Acute: Bright erythema, oozing vesicles, and itching

Subacute: Scaly, light red-brown plaques

Chronic: Thickened skin with lichenification

36
Q

Describe the presentation of Contact Dermatitis?

How does the skin change, or what is the manifestation?

A

2-7 days after exposure Red papules and plaques form.

Sharpley circumscribed with occasional vesicles.

Itching usually occurs.

37
Q

Silvery scaling plaques on reddish colored skin.

Autoimmune chronic dermatitis

Involves rapid turnover of epidermal cells

Usually develops before the age of 40

38
Q

Psoriasis

  1. Treatment goal?
  2. Topical treatments?
  3. Systemic treatments?
A
  1. Reduce inflammation
  2. Corticosteroids, tar, calciotriene, anthralin,
  3. methotrexate, Retinoid, immunosuppressive,
39
Q

What side effects are associated with high-potency corticosteroids?

A

Atrophy of the skin

Capillary fragility

Increased brusing risk

Hypopigmentation of the skin

40
Q

Describe Linezolid

A

Is a anti-infective

Treats skin complications from S. aureus

Monitor bowel function b/c possible C. diff

Notify Dr. eye changes, diarrhea, bloodly stools cramping

41
Q

Describe Ketaconazole

A

Antifungal medication

For Thrush, athletes foot, jock itch, ringworm

Nursing 25 Mrs P (9 decks)

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