Integumentary System Flashcards
Cyanosis? and what does it mean?
Bluish in color indicator of deoxygenated blood. In dark skinned individuals: ashen grey lips and tongue
Pallor? and what does it mean?
Paleness, sign of anemia, edema, shock. Dark skin: Ashen, grey, underlying red tone is gone.
Erythema? what does it mean?
Redness, increased blood flow, inflammation. Dark skin: hard to see, based on palpitation with warmth and edema.
Ecchymosis? what does it mean?
Black and Blue, hemorrhage into the skin Dark skinned: Need good lighting
Petechiae? what does it mean?
Pinpoint hemorrhages Dark Skin: seen in oral opening and conjunctiva
Jaundice? What does it mean?
Yellowing d/t increased bile salts Dark skin: Sclera, oral, palms, soles
Describe a Primary Skin Lesion?
A lesion that develops on previously unaltered skin
Describe a Secondary Skin Lesion
Lesions that change with time or occur because of factors such as scratching or infection.
Circumscribed, Flat, with change is skin color
Less than 0.5cm is called?
Greater than 0.5cm is called?
Primary or secondary?
Less than 0.5cm is called macule
Greater than 0.5cm is called Patch
Primary
Elevated, solid lesion
Less than 0.5cm is called?
Greater than 0.5cm is called?
Primary or secondary?
Less than 0.5cm is called? Papule
Greater than 0.5cm is called? Nodule
Primary
Circumscribed, elevated solid lesion greater
than 0.5cm is called?
Primary or Secondary?
Plaque
Primary
Circumscribed, fluid filled lesion, less than 0.5cm
is called?
Primary or secondary?
Vesicle
Primary
Firm, edematous, irregular shape?
Primary or secondary?
Wheal
Primary
Elevated, superficial lesion, filled with purulent fluid?
Primary or secondary?
Pustule
Primary
Linear crack or break from the
epidermis to dermis?
Primary or secondary?
Fissure
Secondary
Excess skin by shedding?
Primary or secondary?
Scale
Secondary
Abnormal formation of connective tissue; replaces normal skin?
Primary or secondary?
Scar
Secondary
Loss of epidermis, extends into dermis, forms a crater?
Primary or secondary?
Ulcer
Secondary
Depression, or thinning of the epidermis or dermis?
Primary or secondary?
Atrophy
Secondary
Linear lines in which the epidermis is missing exposing the dermis?
Primary or secondary?
Excoriation
Secondary
Caused by chronic exposure to the sun
Rough, scaly, red, or brown
Found on face, scalp, arms, back of hands
Actinic Keratoses
Can progress to squamous cell carcinoma
Is a form of cancer
Most common found in people
metastasis is rare?
Basal cell carcinoma
Waxy boarder
papule, red, central crater
A tumor of the epithelial keratinocytes
can infiltrate to surround structures and metastize
Squamous Cell carcinoma
Usually found on the side of the face
Very aggressive form of skin cancer
Occurs on any place of the body
highly metastatic
Melanoma
Thickening of the skin with accentuated normal skin markings
Lichenification
Caused by repeated scratching, rubbing, irritation
Group Beta strep or staph
Very contagious
Name? Treatment?
Impetigo
Antibiotics
Local: Warm saline or aluminium acetate soaks
remove crust with soap and water
Topical antibiotic cream
Staph, At areas with increased friction.
Small pustule at hair follicle with minimal erythema
develops crust, tender touch?
Treatment?
Folliculitis
Anti staph soap H2O cleaning, topical antibiotics.
Warm compress with H2O or aluminium acetate.
Deep infection around hair follicle with staph
Tender, erythema, draining pus, core of necrotic ish
Shit hurts like a bitch?
Treatment?
Furnuncle
I&D, packing, antibiotics
frequent warm moist compresses
Multiple interconnecting furnucles
many pustules appear erythematous?
Treatment?
Carbuncle
I&D, possible packing, antibiotics
frequent warm moist compresses
Superficial involving the dermis
d/t Group A 𝜷-hemolytic strep
Red, hot, indurated plaque
Fever, headache, malaise?
Treatment?
Erysipelas
Systemic antibiotics, penicillin
Hospitalization often required.
Inflammation of sub-q tissues, often following break in skin
Most often from S. Aureus and strep
Hot, tender, red, inflammed
Inflammation d/t enzymes from bacteria?
Treatment?
Cellulitis
Moist heat, immobilization, elevation, systemic antibiotics, can progess to gangrene if untreated
Give pain meds
A Chronic, inflammatory skin disorder, genetic disposition
Usual onset before the age of 1 presenting with red cheecks
Atopic Dematitis
or “Eczema”
The important facts *topical cortico”
- High potency- Treat? how long?
- Moderate potency- Are for?
- Low-potency- Are perscribed for?
- acute flare-ups used for 2-3 weeks
- prolonged therapy of chronic dematitis
- perscribed for childeren
Describe the stages of Atopic Dermatitis?
How the skin presents a break out from acute to chronic
Acute?
Subacute?
Chronic?
Acute: Bright erythema, oozing vesicles, and itching
Subacute: Scaly, light red-brown plaques
Chronic: Thickened skin with lichenification
Describe the presentation of Contact Dermatitis?
How does the skin change, or what is the manifestation?
2-7 days after exposure Red papules and plaques form.
Sharpley circumscribed with occasional vesicles.
Itching usually occurs.
Silvery scaling plaques on reddish colored skin.
Autoimmune chronic dermatitis
Involves rapid turnover of epidermal cells
Usually develops before the age of 40
Psoriasis
Psoriasis
- Treatment goal?
- Topical treatments?
- Systemic treatments?
- Reduce inflammation
- Corticosteroids, tar, calciotriene, anthralin,
- methotrexate, Retinoid, immunosuppressive,
