Sexuality Flashcards
Define Hyperplasia
The enlargement of an organ caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells, as an initial stage in the development of cancer.
Proliferation?
Rapid reproduction of a cell.
Fibrosis?
Thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually the result of injury.
Nulliparous women?
Never having given birth
Mastitis?
inflammatory condition of the breast that occurs most frequently in lactating women.
Mastalgia?
Breast pain
Fibrocystic Breast complex?
Benign condition characterized by changes in breast tissue. Usually due to hormones. Usually tapers off at age 50.
Fibroadenoma?
Most common cause of discrete benign breast lumps in young women occurring between age of 15-40. Unilateral, RUBBERY!
Intraductal Papilloma?
Soft, wart like growth found in the mammary ducts.
Ductal Ectasia?
(Duct dilation) benign breast disease of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women involving the ducts in the subareolar area.
Benign, soft wart like growth. Found in mammary ducts near the nipple. Nipple may have a bloody discharge Most often found in women aged 40-60 Tx: include removing the involved duct. WHAT AM I?
Intraductal Papilloma
Benign breast lumps in women aged 15-40 yrs.
Most frequent lumps in women under 25 yrs
Small 2-3cm painless, solid, round masses.
Well delineated, mobile, rubbery.
Most often unilateral, but can be bilateral
Pregnancy can stimulate growth.
WHAT AM I?
Fibroadenoma
Found in the upper, outer quadrants, usually bilateral.
One or more palpable lumps.
Often round, well delineated, and freely moveable.
Associated with pain and tenderness (↑ before menstruation)
Nipple discharge: milky, watery milky, yellow, green
May enlarge or shrink rapidly.
WHAT AM I?
Fibrocystic Breast Changes
Occurring in lactating women.
A localized area with pain, tenderness with palpitation.
Fever is often present
May form a abscess with or without purulent drainage.
WHAT AM I?
Mastitis
Occurs during the menstrual cycle lasting 2-3 days or month.
Described as breast tenderness, or heaviness.
Pain related to hormonal sensitivity and symptoms ↓ with menopause
Mastalgia
Breast disease of the perimenopausal and postmenopausal women involving the duct in the subareolar area.
Usually involves several bilateral ducts.
Drainage is multicolored, and may be sticky.
Painless ➝during, itching, nipple pain, and swelling.
WHAT AM I???
Ductal Ectasia
Define Ploidy?
Is a measure of the number of chromosomes in a cell.
Name the breast cancer that arises from the epithelial lining of the ducts?
Ductal carcinoma
Name the breast cancer that arises from the epithelium of the lobes?
Lobular Carcinoma
In Situ cancer is described as?
Within the duct
Define Invasive Breast Cancer
Arising from the duct and invading through the wall of the duct.
Describe Metastatic Breast Cancer
Breast cancer that has spread to other organs.
Aggressive and fast growing cancer ↑Risk for metastasis.
Cancer cells block lymph channels.
Skin involvement is shown by red, warm, or thickened appearance.
Skin looks like an orange peal.
May develop ridges and small bumps look like hives.
Mass may or may not be seen.
WHAT AM I?
Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Rare breast malignancy.
A persistent lesion of the nipple and areola with or without a mass.
Itching, Burning, bloody nipple discharge.
Superficial erosion, and ulceration may be present.
WHAT AM I?
Paget’s Disease
Involves the growth of colonies of cancerous breast cells in parts of the body distant from the breast.
Primarily occurs through the lymphatics, usually the axial.
WHAT AM I?
Metastatic disease
What position is the patient place in after mastectomy and ALND?
Simi-Fowlers with the arm on the affected side elevated on a pillow.
How can the nurse teach the patient how to prevent contractures and muscle shortening?
- Flexing and extending fingers starting in recovery room.
2. Arm and shoulder exercises instituted gradually.
What nursing measures would you teach to the patient to prevent lymphedema after mastectomy?
- No blood pressure readings, No venipuncture, or injections to the affected arm.
- Don’t leave arm in dependent position for long periods.
- Cautions in place to prevent infection, burns, and compromised circulation on affected side.
Over expression of the HER-2 marker is a indicator of?
Aggressive tumor growth, great risk for recurrence, and poorer prognosis.
What are the steps when doing a BSE?
- Lie down place left hand over head.
- Use right hand 3 fingers check L breast “rotation”
- Go in a up and down pattern examine whole breast. (Repeat with opposite)
- Stand infant of mirror, place hands on hips, look at size, shape, redness, scaliness, or dimpling. Also bend over.
- Examine under the armhole standing or sitting with arm slightly raised. squeeze the nipple.
What can reduce the effects of cyclic pain?
Reducing caffeine and dietary fat; taking Vitamins E, A, and B complex, and gamma-linolenic acid (Primrose oil), Wearing a support bra, Compresses, Ice, analgesics, and anti-inflammatory drugs.
When should the women perform the BSE?
5-7 days after the period when the hormone levels are at their lowest.
Amenorrhea?
Abnormal absence of menstruation.
Dysmenorrhea?
Painful menstruation with possible cramps
Menorrhagia?
Excessive bleeding with periods (10 days)
Metrorrhagia
Bleeding or spotting between periods.
Menometrorrhagia
Irregular bleeding at frequent intervals.
