Sexuality

Question 1

Define Hyperplasia

Answer 1

The enlargement of an organ caused by an increase in the reproduction rate of its cells, as an initial stage in the development of cancer.

Question 2

Proliferation?

Answer 2

Rapid reproduction of a cell.

Question 3

Fibrosis?

Answer 3

Thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually the result of injury.

Question 4

Nulliparous women?

Answer 4

Never having given birth

Question 5

Mastitis?

Answer 5

inflammatory condition of the breast that occurs most frequently in lactating women.

Question 6

Mastalgia?

Answer 6

Breast pain

Question 7

Fibrocystic Breast complex?

Answer 7

Benign condition characterized by changes in breast tissue. Usually due to hormones. Usually tapers off at age 50.

Question 8

Fibroadenoma?

Answer 8

Most common cause of discrete benign breast lumps in young women occurring between age of 15-40. Unilateral, RUBBERY!

Question 9

Intraductal Papilloma?

Answer 9

Soft, wart like growth found in the mammary ducts.

Question 10

Ductal Ectasia?

Answer 10

(Duct dilation) benign breast disease of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women involving the ducts in the subareolar area.

Question 11

Benign, soft wart like growth.
Found in mammary ducts near the nipple.
Nipple may have a bloody discharge
Most often found in women aged 40-60
Tx: include removing the involved duct.
WHAT AM I?

Answer 11

Intraductal Papilloma

Question 12

Benign breast lumps in women aged 15-40 yrs.
Most frequent lumps in women under 25 yrs
Small 2-3cm painless, solid, round masses.
Well delineated, mobile, rubbery.
Most often unilateral, but can be bilateral
Pregnancy can stimulate growth.
WHAT AM I?

Answer 12

Fibroadenoma

Question 13

Found in the upper, outer quadrants, usually bilateral.
One or more palpable lumps.
Often round, well delineated, and freely moveable.
Associated with pain and tenderness (↑ before menstruation)
Nipple discharge: milky, watery milky, yellow, green
May enlarge or shrink rapidly.
WHAT AM I?

Answer 13

Fibrocystic Breast Changes

Question 14

Occurring in lactating women.
A localized area with pain, tenderness with palpitation.
Fever is often present
May form a abscess with or without purulent drainage.
WHAT AM I?

Answer 14

Mastitis

Question 15

Occurs during the menstrual cycle lasting 2-3 days or month.
Described as breast tenderness, or heaviness.
Pain related to hormonal sensitivity and symptoms ↓ with menopause

Answer 15

Mastalgia

Question 16

Breast disease of the perimenopausal and postmenopausal women involving the duct in the subareolar area.
Usually involves several bilateral ducts.
Drainage is multicolored, and may be sticky.
Painless ➝during, itching, nipple pain, and swelling.
WHAT AM I???

Answer 16

Ductal Ectasia

Question 17

Define Ploidy?

Answer 17

Is a measure of the number of chromosomes in a cell.

Question 18

Name the breast cancer that arises from the epithelial lining of the ducts?

Answer 18

Ductal carcinoma

Question 19

Name the breast cancer that arises from the epithelium of the lobes?

Answer 19

Lobular Carcinoma

Question 20

In Situ cancer is described as?

Answer 20

Within the duct

Question 21

Define Invasive Breast Cancer

Answer 21

Arising from the duct and invading through the wall of the duct.

Question 22

Describe Metastatic Breast Cancer

Answer 22

Breast cancer that has spread to other organs.

Question 23

Aggressive and fast growing cancer ↑Risk for metastasis.
Cancer cells block lymph channels.
Skin involvement is shown by red, warm, or thickened appearance.
Skin looks like an orange peal.
May develop ridges and small bumps look like hives.
Mass may or may not be seen.
WHAT AM I?

Answer 23

Inflammatory Breast Cancer

Question 24

Rare breast malignancy.
A persistent lesion of the nipple and areola with or without a mass.
Itching, Burning, bloody nipple discharge.
Superficial erosion, and ulceration may be present.
WHAT AM I?

Answer 24

Paget’s Disease

Question 25

Involves the growth of colonies of cancerous breast cells in parts of the body distant from the breast.
Primarily occurs through the lymphatics, usually the axial.
WHAT AM I?

Answer 25

Metastatic disease

Question 26

What position is the patient place in after mastectomy and ALND?

Answer 26

Simi-Fowlers with the arm on the affected side elevated on a pillow.

Question 27

How can the nurse teach the patient how to prevent contractures and muscle shortening?

Answer 27

1. Flexing and extending fingers starting in recovery room.

2. Arm and shoulder exercises instituted gradually.

Question 28

What nursing measures would you teach to the patient to prevent lymphedema after mastectomy?

Answer 28

1. No blood pressure readings, No venipuncture, or injections to the affected arm.
2. Don’t leave arm in dependent position for long periods.
3. Cautions in place to prevent infection, burns, and compromised circulation on affected side.

Question 29

Over expression of the HER-2 marker is a indicator of?

Answer 29

Aggressive tumor growth, great risk for recurrence, and poorer prognosis.

Question 30

What are the steps when doing a BSE?

Answer 30

1. Lie down place left hand over head.
2. Use right hand 3 fingers check L breast “rotation”
3. Go in a up and down pattern examine whole breast. (Repeat with opposite)
4. Stand infant of mirror, place hands on hips, look at size, shape, redness, scaliness, or dimpling. Also bend over.
5. Examine under the armhole standing or sitting with arm slightly raised. squeeze the nipple.

Question 31

What can reduce the effects of cyclic pain?

Answer 31

Reducing caffeine and dietary fat; taking Vitamins E, A, and B complex, and gamma-linolenic acid (Primrose oil), Wearing a support bra, Compresses, Ice, analgesics, and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Question 32

When should the women perform the BSE?

Answer 32

5-7 days after the period when the hormone levels are at their lowest.

Question 33

Amenorrhea?

Answer 33

Abnormal absence of menstruation.

Question 34

Dysmenorrhea?

Answer 34

Painful menstruation with possible cramps

Question 35

Menorrhagia?

Answer 35

Excessive bleeding with periods (10 days)

Question 36

Metrorrhagia

Answer 36

Bleeding or spotting between periods.

Question 37

Menometrorrhagia

Answer 37

Irregular bleeding at frequent intervals.