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Nursing 25 Mrs P > T-1: Functions of Blood > Flashcards

T-1: Functions of Blood Flashcards

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1
Q

Root: Heme ?

A

Iron

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2
Q

Root: Hemo ?

A

Blood

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3
Q

Root: ology?

A

The study of

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4
Q

Root: osis

A

In excess of, (or), The condition of

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5
Q

Root: emia

A

Condition of blood

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6
Q

Root: cyte

A

Cell

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7
Q

Root: Chromo?

A

Color

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8
Q

Root: Erythro?

A

Red

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9
Q

Leuko means?

A

White

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10
Q

Meaning? Poiesis

A

Creation of

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11
Q

Meaning? Blast

A

Large Immature

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12
Q

Meaning? Penia

A

Reduction in # of

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13
Q

Meaning? poikilocytosis

A

Many blood cells with different sizes

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14
Q

Define: hematopoiesis

A

Blood cell production

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15
Q

Define: Serum

A

Refers to plasma minus its clotting factors

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16
Q

Erythropoiesis takes place where?

A

Red bone marrow

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17
Q

1 site of stem cell production in adults?

A

pelvic bones

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18
Q

How are RBC’s affected by aging?

A

Red marrow is replaced by yellow marrow. Older adults lose reserves

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19
Q

Define- reticulocyte?

A

Immature erythrocyte

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20
Q

Granulocytes include which cells?

A

Neutrophils, Basophils, and Eosinophils

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21
Q

Agranulocytes include?

A

Lymphocytes and monocytes

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22
Q

Define: oxyhemoglobin

A

when oxygen is attached to the iron on the hemoglobin

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23
Q

Normal value of Erythrocytes (RBCs)?

A

4-6

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24
Q

Normal value of Hemoglobin (Hgb)?

A

12-18

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25
Q

Normal value of Hematocrit (Hct)?

A

35-50

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26
Q

Pancytopenia?

A

The entire CBC is suppressed: Decreased RBC, Decreased WBC, Decreased Platelets.

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27
Q

Total WBCs Count value for the differential?

A

4,000-11,000

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28
Q

A WBC count of (>30,000) indicates?

A

Leukocytosis, Severe infection

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29
Q

A WBC count of (100,000- +) indicates?

A

Leukemia, organ failure, malignancy’s

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30
Q

Lab Value Range: Neutrophil?

A

3,000-7,500 or 50-70%

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31
Q

Mature Neutrophils are called?

A

Segs

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32
Q

Immature Neutrophils are called? Range?

A

Bands or Rods, 0-8

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33
Q

Increased Neutrophils indicate?

A

infection or tissue injury

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34
Q

Function of Eosinophils?

A

Defend against parasitic infections

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35
Q

Range of Eosinophils?

A

0-4%

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36
Q

Range of Basophils?

A

0-2% or 0-150

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37
Q

Function of Basophils?

A

Chemical mediators, e.g. heparin/serotonin/histamine

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38
Q

Range of Lymphocytes?

A

20-40% or 1-4,000

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39
Q

Range of Monocytes?

A

0-8% or 0-600

40
Q

Main function of Lymphocytes?

A

Cellular and humoral immune responses

41
Q

Function of Monocytes?

A

Ingest large and small matter. move into tissue and become Macrophages.

42
Q

Normal range of Lymphocytes?

A

1-4,000 or 20-40%

43
Q

Increased Lymphocytes could indicate?

A

Bacterial/Viral Infection, Leukemia of bone marrow, or radiation therapy.

44
Q

Decreased lymphocytes could indicate?

A

Immune disorders e.g. lupus, AIDS

45
Q

Normal range of Thrombocytes?

A

150,000-400,000

46
Q

Thrombocyte range of

A

Thrombocytopenia indicates that bleeding may occur.

Assess for petechiae and bruising

47
Q

The condition of having a Thrombocyte value of >400,000 is called? when might a patient experience this?

A

Thrombocytosis. This occur with inflammation and some malignant disorders.

48
Q

Define Stasis?

A

A state of equilibrium

49
Q

Overdose treatment of Heparin?

A

protamine sulfate

50
Q

Overdose treatment of warfarin (Coumadin)?

A

Vitamin K

51
Q

Control Range: aPTT?

A

25-35 seconds

52
Q

Labs to consider when giving Heparin?

A

aPTT

53
Q

What does aPTT assess?

A

The intrinsic coagulation by measuring factors I,II,V,VIII,IX,XI,XII.

54
Q

How does Heparin work? how is usually administered?

A

It prolongs bleeding time by putting a negative charge on the surface of platelets which inhibit the clumping action. Produces rapid onset via Subq or IV

55
Q

Labs to consider when giving warfarin (Coumadin)?

A

PT and INR

56
Q

What does PT (Prothrombin Time) assess?

A

assessment of the extrinsic coagulation by measurement of factors I,II,V,VII,X.

57
Q

Control Range: PT?

A

11-16 seconds.

58
Q

Control Range: INR?

A

2-3

59
Q

How does warfarin (Coumadin) work?

A

Inhibits the hepatic synthesis of coagulation, however, slow acting 2-3 days to reach therapeutic levels.

60
Q

Growth factors facilitate?

A

Regrowth of new tissues

61
Q

Increased Thrombin Time indicates?

A

Coagulation is inadequate secondary to decreased thrombin activity.

62
Q

Define the MPV (Mean Platelet Value)?

A

Measures the average amount of platelets by using a blood smear to asses the number size and shape of RBC, WBC, Platelets.

63
Q

Ideal range of the MPV?

A

250,000

64
Q

Hemoptysis?

A

coughing up blood

65
Q

Define a neutrophil value of

A

Neutropenia

66
Q

Overt Bleeds refer to?

A

Bleeding that is visible to the patient and clinician.

67
Q

Covert Bleeds refer to?

A

Bleeding that’s internal and not obvious

68
Q

Therapeutic Range of aPTT?

A

1.5-2.0 (times) Control= Therapeutic range

69
Q

Therapeutic Range of INR?

A

2-3

70
Q

Therapeutic range of PT?

A

1.5-2.0 (times) Control= Therapeutic range

71
Q

Prolonged aPTT and PT indicates?

A

Problems on both side of the clotting cascade or in the common pathway.

72
Q

The Onset and duration of heparin?

A

Onset- 0-20mins Duration- 24hrs and under

73
Q

The onset and duration of warfarin?

A

Onset- 2-7days, Duration-3-5days

74
Q

d-Dimer Test measures?

A

An accurate assessment if a blood clot is breaking down.. A negative means no clot.

75
Q

How do antiplatelet drugs work?

A

They interfere with platelet aggregation preventing clot formation within the arteries.

76
Q

Anticoagulants work by?

A

Prevent thrombi from forming or growing larger. *under careful watch of therapeutic levels.

77
Q

Thrombolytics have the job of?

A

Clot destruction. the dissolve the insoluble fibrin.

78
Q

A Peripheral smear test for?

A

Morphology of the cells: This is how they get the indices. The cells shape, and size.

79
Q

The theory behind the ESR?

A

That the heavier cells sink towards the bottom. Infected cells weigh more therefore, and Increased number reflects Inflammation or infection.

80
Q

When should a oral iron supplement be taken?

A

1 hour before meals

81
Q

What enhances the absorption of iron?

A

ascorbic acid (Orange juice)

82
Q

The Universal recipient of blood is which blood type?

A

AB+

83
Q

The Universal Donor of blood is which type?

A

O-

84
Q

A person receiving blood who is Rh- can receive what type of blood?

A

Only Rh- Blood

85
Q

If My patient were AB- what blood types can they receive?

A

O-, B-, A-, AB-

86
Q

If my patient were B+ what blood types can they receive?

A

O-, O+, B-, B+

87
Q

The most important interventions for hanging blood include? (5 things)

A
  1. Infuse with only normal saline.
  2. Stay with patient for the first 15 minutes checking V.S. q 5minutes.
  3. Infuse blood 2-4 hours no longer than 4 hours.
  4. Time from blood bank to infusion 30minutes or less.
  5. 2 RN’s have to identify the patient and sign the paperwork.
88
Q

If a reaction takes place during a blood transfusion what are the first 4 steps of action?

A
  1. Stop the infusion
  2. Keep the normal Saline Running
  3. Notify doctor STAT
  4. Take down blood/tubing/gather paperwork and send it back to blood bank for analysis.
89
Q

Define: Macrocytic RBC?

A

Large RBC, normal in color, fragile, have less hemoglobin to carry oxygen.

90
Q

Define: Microcytic hypochromic?

A

Tiny, pale cells

91
Q

What does hemoglobin measure?

A

The gas carrying capacity of RBC values are measured from the peripheral blood (Veins)

92
Q

What does Hematocrit measure?

A

Represents the percentage of RBCs compared with the total blood volume.

93
Q

This anemia is caused by lack of Intrinsic factor which is required for absorption of cobalamin

A

Pernicious anemia

94
Q

This condition is d/t decreased intake of B12 and I might see what on assessment?

A

B12 deficiency anemia

Red swollen tongue.

95
Q

This anemia is seen in women who are of child bearing age?

Assessment reveals?

A

Iron deficiency anemia
Glossitis and pallor
Cheilitis
Decreased Ferritin

96
Q

This type of anemia contributes to neural tube defects

A

Folic acid deficiency

97
Q

This is a serious bleeding and thrombotic disorder that results from abnormally initiated and accelerated clotting .
The body loses ability to clot.

A

DIC or Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Most often seen in sepsis patient or organ failure.

Nursing 25 Mrs P (9 decks)

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