Systems of the body Flashcards
6 levels of structural organization
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
System
Organismal
11 systems of the body
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic System
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Reproductive system(s)
Integumentary System
Anatomy
The science of body structures (and their relationships)
(structure allows function)
Physiology
The science of body functions
(structure allows function)
Anatomy vs physioglogy
Sketal system - names of bones, actions - cellular function and shaping throughout life
Chemical Level
Atoms (e.g., C, H, O)
Molecules (e.g., DNA, glucose)
Cellular level
Basic structural/functional units
Tissue level
Groups of cells that perform a
particular function
4 types – epithelial, connective,
muscular, nervous
4 types of tissue –
epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
epithelial tissue
forms inner and outer of linnings organs
connective tissue
bone tissue, cartliage, blood, fat
muscular Tissue
contract
nervous tissue
transmit electrical signals
Organ level
Composed of two or more types of tissues that have specific functions
e.g., stomach, heart, brain
System level
Composed of related organs with a common function
e.g., digestive system
(mouth, esophagus, stomach, etc.)
Organismal level
Each level working together
Integumentary System
Components
Skin
Hair
Nails
Sweat glands
Oil glands
Functions
Protection
Regulates body temperature
Eliminates wastes
Helps make vitamin D
Cutaneous sensation
Skeletal System
Components
Bones
Joints
Associated cartilages
Functions
Support and protection
Assists movement
Produces blood cells
Stores minerals & lipids
Muscular System
Components
Skeletal muscle
Functions
Movement
Stabilizes body position/posture
Generates heat
Nervous System
Components
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Special sense organs
Functions
Regulates body activities
Detects, interprets and responds to changes in the body’s internal and external environments
Endocrine System
Components
Hormone-producing glands
Hormone-producing cells
Functions
Regulates body activities
Detects and responds to changes in the body’s internal and external environments
Cardiovascular System
Components
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
Functions
Carries oxygen and nutrients to cells
Carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells
Regulates acid-base balance
Regulates body temperature
Helps defend against disease
Lymphatic System
Components
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic fluid
Spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes
Functions
Returns proteins and fluids to the blood
Carries lipids from the GI tract to the blood
Helps defend against disease
Respiratory System
Components
Pharynx, larynx, trachea
Bronchial tubes
Lungs
Functions
Transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood
Regulates acid-base balance
Voice production
Digestive System
Components
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Liver, gall bladder, pancreas
Functions
Breaks down food
Absorbs nutrients
Eliminates wastes
Urinary System
Components
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Functions
Produces and eliminates urine
Eliminates wastes
Regulates blood composition
Regulates acid-base balance
Maintains mineral balance
Regulates production of red blood cells
Reproductive System(s)
Components
Gonads (testes, ovaries)
Associated organs
Functions
Produces and stores gametes (sperm, oocytes)
Produces hormones
