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KIN 260 > Axial Skeleton 1 > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Skull - Most of the bones are fused together by immovable joints called

A

sutures

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2
Q

Main function of skull

A

Its main function is to protect the brain (cranial cavity)

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3
Q

the skull’s surface markings serve

A

as muscle attachment sites and passageways for blood vessels and nerves

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4
Q

In addition to the cranial cavity, some skull bones form the

A

orbits and nasal cavity

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5
Q

Some skull bones also contain

A

smaller cavities (e.g., paranasal sinuses, middle and inner ear structures)

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6
Q

2 bone groups of the skull

A

Cranial Bones (8) - Form the cranial cavity (protects the brain)

Facial Bones (14) - Form the face

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7
Q

All Cranial Bones

A

Frontal bone
Parietal bones (2) - one left one right
Temporal bones (2) - one left one right
Occipital bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone

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8
Q

Frontal Bone Forms

A

The forehead
The anterior portion of the cranial cavity
Part of each orbit

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9
Q

Frontal bone landmarks

A

Supraorbital margin (the ridge that separates the forehead from the superior part of the orbit

Supraorbital foramen (towards the midline from the supraorbital)
Artery & nerve

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10
Q

Parietal Bones (2) Form

A

Form:
The top and upper part of the sides of the head
Most of the superolateral portion of the cranial cavity

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11
Q

Temporal Bones (2) form

A

Form:
The lower part of the sides of the head (“temples”)
Most of the inferolateral portion of the cranial cavity

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12
Q

Temporal Bones features

A

Features:
Styloid process
Mastoid process
Stylomastoid foramen - CN VII
Carotid foramen - Internal carotid artery
Jugular foramen - Internal jugular vein, CN IX, CN X, CN XI

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13
Q

Temporal Bones (2) outside features

A

Features:
Zygomatic process - Zygomatic bone
Mandibular fossa -Mandible
External auditory meatus
Internal auditory meatus - CN VII, CN VIII

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14
Q

Parts of the ear

A

Tympanic membrane
“Eardrum”
Middle ear
Cavity in the temporal bone
Inner ear
Cavity in the temporal bone
Oval window
Opening in a bony partition between middle/inner ears

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15
Q

3 small bones of middle ear

A

Malleus (“hammer”) - physically attatched tympanic membrane
Incus (“anvil”)
Stapes (“stirrup”) - Attached to a membrane covering the oval window

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16
Q

How do our ears work?

A

Sounds come in through the outer ear and vibrate the tympanic membrane, these vibrations are sent to the “Auditory ossicles”
(Smallest bones in the body)
then to the cochlea

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17
Q

Auditory (Eustachian) tube

A

Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx (throat)
Assists with pressure equalization in the middle ear
Route for pathogens into the middle ear (infection)

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18
Q

Occipital Bone form

A

Forms:
The back of the head
The posteroinferior portion of the cranial cavity

19
Q

Occipital Bone landmarks

A

External occipital protuberance- Muscle attachments (back of head in line with tops of ear lobes)
Superior nuchal line - Muscle attachments (ridges lateral from EOP)
Inferior nuchal line - Muscle attachments
Occipital condyles -
First cervical vertebra (C1)
Foramen magnum - Medulla oblongata, CN XI, vertebral arteries

20
Q

Sphenoid Bone forms

A

Forms:
The middle part of the inferior portion of the cranial cavity
Part of each orbit
Part of the nasal cavity

21
Q

“Sphenoid” = “wedge” (Greek)

A

The “keystone” to the cranial floor since it articulates with all of the other cranial bones

22
Q

Sphenoid landmarks

A

body
sphenoid sinus
sella turcica - Pituitary gland

23
Q

Sphenoid wings

A

Greater wing (2)
Lesser wing (2)
Pterygoid process (4) - muscle attachments

24
Q

Two openings of the back of the orbit of the Sphenoid bone

A

Optic foramen - CN II
Superior orbital fissure - CN III, CN IV, CN V, CN VI

25
Q

2 Greater wing openings of the Sphenoid bone

A

Foramen rotundum (2) (anterior)
Foramen Ovale (2) (interior)

26
Q

Ethmoid Bone forms

A

Forms:
Part of the anteroinferior portion of the cranial floor
Part of each orbit
Part of the border of the nasal cavity

27
Q

“Ethmoid” = “sieve-like” (Greek)

A

Sponge-like in appearance with lots of small cavities

28
Q

Ethmoid Bone - landmarks

A

Cribriform plate
Olfactory foramina - CN I - opening - smell reseptors
crista galli - supior projection

29
Q

Ethmoid Bone - landmarks (inferior to Cribriform plate)

A

Perpendicular plate - Part of the nasal septum

Lateral mass (2) - Wall of the nasal cavity

Ethmoidal sinuses -

30
Q

Landmarks mideal to each lateral mass

A

Superior nasal concha
Middle nasal concha
-creates turbulance as air enters to become moist and warm
-These conchae increase the surface area of the nasal mucous membranes, which act to warm and moisten the air

31
Q

Facial Bones

A

Nasal bones (2)
Lacrimal bones (2)
Zygomatic bones (2)
Maxillae (2)
Palatine bones (2)
Vomer
Inferior nasal conchae (2)
Mandible

32
Q

Zygomatic bones and Temporal meet how?

A

the temporal process and zyomatic process meet together to create the “zygomatic arch”
the temporal process is part of the zyomatic bone and vice versa

33
Q

Palatine bones forms

A

posterior Part of the hard palate

34
Q

maxillae bones forms

A

contains Infraorbital foramen
Artery & nerve
Each bone forms part of the hard palate and contains a maxillary sinus

35
Q

Vomer is where

A

inferior to the parapedicular plate of the ethmoid bone (Part of the nasal septum)

36
Q

Inferior nasal conchae (2) is where

A

lateral walls of nasel cavity inferior to the middle nasal cavity of the ethmoid bone

37
Q

Mandible landmarks

A

Mandibular foramen (2) - Entry to the mandibular canal, which carries arteries and nerves to the teeth
Ramus - superior to the skull
Angle - between ramus and body
Body - lower teeth

Condylar process (2)
Temporal bone
Temporomandibular joint
Coronoid process (2)
both processes are connected by Mandibular notch (2)

38
Q

Bones that form each orbit (eye sockect)

A

Roof
Frontal bone
Sphenoid bone

Lateral wall
Zygomatic bone
Sphenoid bone

Medial wall
Maxilla
Lacrimal bone
Ethmoid bone
Sphenoid bone

Floor
Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Sphenoid bone

39
Q

Nasal Septum

A

Separates the nasal cavity into left and right sides
Composed of cartilage (anteriorly) and bone (posteriorly) - Ethmoid bone (perpendicular plate) and vomer

40
Q

Paranasal Sinuses

A

Cavities within certain bones lined with mucous membranes that are continuous with the nasal cavity
Function to decrease the weight of the skull and increase the surface area of the nasal mucosa (moisten/clean inhaled air)
Bones that have sinuses include the frontal bone, sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone, and maxillae

41
Q

Each bone in the sinus have sinus what are they called?

A

same but with sinus at the end

42
Q

Hyoid Bone

A

Located in the anterior neck between the mandible and larynx
Does not articulate with any other bone!
Provides attachment sites for muscles of the tongue, pharynx, and anterior neck
Assists in tongue movements and swallowing

43
Q
A

KIN 260 (10 decks)

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