Systems of the body Flashcards
Anatomy
The science of body structures and their relationships
Physiology
The science of body functions
Histology
Tissue anatomy
Chemical level of organization
Atoms and molecules
Cellular level of organization
Basic structure. How molecules combine to form cells
Tissue level of organization and the types of tissue
Groups of cells that perform a particular function. epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Epithelial tissue
Forms the inner and outer linings of organs
Muscular tissue
Specialized tissue that contracts.
Nervous tissue
specialized tissue that generates and transmits electrical signals.
Connective tissue
provides support for the body and connects all of its parts. Made up of cells surrounded by ground substance matrix.
Types of connective tissue
Bone tissue, cartilage, fat tissue and the blood.
Organ level of organization
contains two or more types of tissues that carry out specific functions.
System level of organization
consists of related organs with a common function, eg digestive system.
organismal level of organization
The entire organism.
Skeletal system
Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. Produces blood cells and stores minerals and lipids. Made of bones, joints and associated cartilages.
Muscular system
Enables movement of the body, stabilizes body position and generates heat. Made up of skeletal muscle
Nervous system
Generates action, regulates body activities, and detects, interprets and responds to changes in the body’s internal and external environments. Made up of brain, spinal cord, nerves and special sense organs (eyes, inner ear)
Endocrine system
Regulates body activities by releasing hormones. Detects and responds to changes in the body’s internal and external environments.
Cardiovascular system
Heart pumps blood through vessels, blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes co2 and wastes. Regulates acid-base balance, body temp and helps defend against disease.
Lymphatic system
Returns proteins and fluids to the blood, carries lipids from the GI tract to the blood and helps defend against disease. Composed of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic fluid, spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes.
Respiratory system
Transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood, regulates acid-base balance and voice production. Made up of pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes and lungs.
Digestive system
Breaks down food , absorbs nutrients and eliminates wastes. made up of organs in gastrointestinal tract, liver, gall bladder and pancreas
Urinary system
Produces and eliminates urine, eliminates wastes, regulates blood composition, regulates acid-base balance, maintains mineral balance and regulates production of red blood cells. Made up of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Reproductive system
Produces and stores gametes (sperm, oocytes) and hormones. Made up of gonads (testes, ovaries) and associated organs.
Integumentary system
Serves as a barrier between internal and external environment, regulates body temp, eliminates waste, makes vitamin d and cutaneous sensation. Made up of skin, hair, nails, sweat glands and oil glands.
