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Kin 260 (anatomy) > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name for skin

A

cutaneous

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2
Q

what is the largest organ

A

skin

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3
Q

how thick is skin

A

o.5mm on the eyelids and 4.0 mm on the heels

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4
Q

Epidermis

A

Superficial layer, thin, epithelial tissue. Densly packed layers of cells and appears darker

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5
Q

Dermis

A

Deep layer, thicker, connective tissue. very few cells and composed of collagen and elastic fibers

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6
Q

What is the dermis attached to?

A

The underlying fascia by a subcutaneous layer of areolar and adipose tissues

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7
Q

keratinocytes

A

90% of epidermal cells, produce keratin and lamellar granules and a barrier

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7
Q

lamellar granules

A

release water-resistant lipids

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7
Q

keratin

A

tough, fibrous protein

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8
Q

Langerhans cells

A

Migrate to the epidermis from red bone marrow and contributes to the bodys immune responses

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9
Q

Merkel cells

A

In the deepest layer of epidermis and hare contact specific sensory receptors (merkel discs) that detect touch sensations

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10
Q

Melanocytes

A

in the deepest layer of epidermis, produce melanin and slender projections transfer melanin to keratinocytes

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11
Q

How many layers in epidermis

A

4-5 layers of keratinocytes in various stages of development

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12
Q

Thin skin

A

4 layers, covers most of the body

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13
Q

thick skin

A

5 layers, covers areaas exposed to friction (palms, soles)

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14
Q

kerationcytes formed where

A

Formed in the deepest layer and slowly get pushed to the surface. They accumulate more keratin as the proceed and eventually undergo apoptosis before being sloughed off

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15
Q

Apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

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16
Q

Stratum basale

A

Single row of columnar keratinocytes that act as
stem cells
(continually undergo cell division to produce new cells)

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17
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A

Superficial to stratum basale. 8-10 layers of many-sided keratinocytes

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18
Q

stratum granulosum

A

superficial to stratum spinosum. 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes that undergo apoptosis. Production of keratin and lamellar granules

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19
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

4-6 layers of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes that have large amounts of keratin. Only in thick skin

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20
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Most superficial, 25-30 layers of flat dead keratinocytes that contain mostly keratin that are pushed to the skins surface. Superficial layers are continally sloughed off and replaced

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21
Q

H

A

h

22
Q

what is embedded in the dermis

A

hair follicles, glands, blood vessels ad tactile sensory receptors and nerve endings

23
Q

papillary region

A

Superficial portion, areolar connective tissue and thin collagen/elastic fibers, projections into the epidermis called dermal papillae increase the dermal contact surface

24
Q

Reticular region

A

Deep portion (thick), dense irregular connective tissue and thick collagen/elastic fibers, gives the skin its elasticity and extensibility

25
Q

Hair

A

composed of circular columns of dead keratinized epidermal celles that bonded together by proteins

26
Q

Shaft

A

Superficial portion that projects above the skin

27
Q

root

A

deep portion that penetrates into the dermis

28
Q

what composes the shat and root

A

concentric layers of cells. the Medulla, cortex and cuticle

29
Q

Hair follicle

A

surrounds the root

30
Q

hair follicle
Internal root sheath

A

cellular tublar sheath

31
Q

hair follicle
external root sheat

A

Downward extension of the epidermis

32
Q

dermal root sheath

A

A dense layer of dermis that surrounds the hair follicle

33
Q

papilla

A

an indentation in the bulb of the base of a hair follicule

34
Q

Papilla
hair matrix

A

produces cells that form the hair and internal root sheath

35
Q

papilla
blood vessels

A

nourish the growing hair follicle

36
Q

arrector pili muscle

A

smooth muscle that when contracted, causes the hair to erect on skin surface

37
Q

hair root plexuses

A

Nerve ending. Sensory receptor stimulated when hair is moved.

38
Q

Sebaceous (oil) glands

A

most open into hair follicules, not in palms or soles, release oily substance called sebum

39
Q

Sebum

A

oily substance that keeps hair from drying, prevents water from evaportaing from skin, keep skin soft and pliable, inhibt growth of some bacteria

40
Q

Sudorferous (sweat) glands

A

Release sweat into hair follicles or onto skin surface

41
Q

Sudoriferous glands
Eccrine sweat glands

A

In most regions of body, sweat contains water, ion, urea and ammonia, elps regulate body temp

42
Q

Sudoriferous glands
Apocrine sweat glands

A

Present in axilia, groin, breasts and face, sweat also contains lipids/proteins that are metabolized by bacteria (odour), starts functioning around pubery and stimulate dby emotional stress

43
Q

nails

A

plates of tightly packed dead keratinized epidermal cells

44
Q

nail body

A

Through epidermis, visible portion, free edge is white bc no underlying capillaries, lunula is white due to thick epithelium in the area

45
Q

nail root

A

In the dermis, buried in a fold of skin, deep to the root is the nail matrix

46
Q

nail matrix

A

germnal layer of cells that arise from the epidermis

47
Q

Functions
keratin

A

protects skin and underlying tissue from external enviroment

48
Q

Functions (protections)
lamellar granules

A

lipids are relased from lamellar granules prevent water from entering or leaving

49
Q

Functions (protections)
melanin

A

absorbs harmgul UV light

50
Q

Functions (protections)
langerhands cells and macrophages

A

assist in immunity

51
Q

Functions of sudoriferous glands

A

evaporation of sweat to regulate body temp and eliminates wastes through sweat

52
Q

functions, make vitamin D

A

UV light activates a precursor molecule produced in skin

53
Q

Cutaneous sensation

A

Touch, pain and temp are detected by the various tactile receptors and nerve endings

54
Q
A

Kin 260 (anatomy) (4 decks)

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