Bone tissue and terminology Flashcards
What tissue is a bone composed of?
Osseous tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium, adipose tissue and nervous tissue
bone
A organ because made up of 2+ types of tissue
types of long bone
arms, forearms, thighs and legs
Structure of long bone
Epiphysis
end of the bone, surface that forms joints with other bones and covered by articular cartilage. Contains red bone marrow
structure of long bone
Biaphysis
- long cylindrical portion in middle,
- linned by periosteum(outside) and endosteum (inner)
- Encloses the MEDULLARY cavity, which contains yellow bone marrow
Ostenogenic cells
act as stem sells
Osteoblasts
produce the extracellular matrix (blasts=build)
Osteoclasts
break down the extracellular matrix (clasts=cut)
osteocytes
mature bone cells that maintain its metabolism
Extracellular matrix
- surrounds bone tissue cells
- made up of mostly CRYSTALIZED MINERAL SALTS 55%, water and collagen fibers
What is Compact bone tissue
- stronger and heavier
- made of tightly packed arranged lamellae called OSTEONS
WHere is compact bone tissue located
BENEATH THE PERIOSTEUM OF ALL BONES
- most of the DIAPHYSIS OF LONG BONES
What is spongy bone tissue
-lighter (less energy to move)
- Conssits of irregular lamellae called TRABECULAE, with spaces filled with MARROW between
where is spongy bone tissue foudns
- most of the INTERIOR OF SHORT, FLAT AND IRREGULAR BONES
- most of the EPIPHYSIS OF LONG BONES
-narrow rim surrounding the MEDULLARY CAVITY (long bones)
Red bone marrow
- produces stem cells
- produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
yellow bone marrow
compsed of mainly adipose cells
what is the differene between red and yellow marrow
- all bone marrow is born red
- as you age, much of it converts to yellow
- red is still present in some adult bones (skull, vertebrae)
function of skeletal system
- serve as STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK for internal organs
- ATTACHEMENT SITES FOR SKELETAL MUSCLES, helps movement
- produces blood cells via red bone marrow
how does the skeletal system store minerals and lipids
- minerals in the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX can be release into blood
- triglycerides in YELLOW BONE MARROW can be relased into blood
long bone
- greater length than width
- mixture of compact (shaft) and spongy bone (ends)
Short bone
- nearly equal in length and width
- spongy bone surroudned by thin layer of compact bone
flat boen
two parrallel plates of compact bone wnclosing a layer of spongy bone
Irregular bone
Complex shapes with variable amounts of compact and spngey
Seasmoid bone
develop with tendons
Fissure
a long and thin hole
foramen
hole in bone
fossa
a shallow groove or valley
sulcus
groove or valley that vessel sits in
Meatus
Tube like hole
condyle
round projection at end of bone
Facet
flater slighlty concave
Head
rounded projection of neck of bone
epicondyle
bumbs on side of bone
spinous process
sharp, slender projection
trochanter
big bumbs/projection
Tubercle
rounded bumb
tuberosity
rough, bumby projection where muscle is always attached
Axial skeleton
80 bones that lie around the LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF THE BODY (skull to bottom of spine)
appendicular skeleeton
126 bones of the UPPER?LOWER LIMBS and the GIRDLES that connect them to axial skeleton
