Systems of Biological Classification Flashcards
the reason why living organisms are classified into three domains
similarities in ribosomal RNA
cell type: prokaryotic
well wall: varies in composition; no peptidoglycan
membrane lipids: branched carbon chains; glycerol, ether linkage
First AA in protein synthesis: Methionine
Antibiotic Sensitivity: No
rRNA Loop: Lacking
common arm of tRNA: Lacking
Methanosarcina (Archaea)
cell type: prokaryotic
CW: peptidoglycan
membrane lipids: straight carbon chains; glycerol; ester linkage
first AA in protein synthesis: Formylmethionine
Antibiotic sensitivity: Yes
rRNA loop: Present
Common arm of RNA: Present
E. coli (Bacteria)
Cell type: Eukaryotic
CW: varies composition; carbohydrates
membrane lipids: straight carbon chains; glycerol; ester linkage
first AA in protein synthesis: Methionine
Antibiotic sensitivity: No
rRNA loop: Lacking
Common Arm of RNA: Present
Amoeba (Eukarya)
true nuclei with linear chromosomes and membrane—bound organelles
Kingdoms: Protista, Plantae, Animalia, Fungi
Domain Eukarya
-unicellular prokaryotes with distinctive Cell membranes
-some are autotrophic (chemosynthesis), most are heterotrophic
-live in harsh environments
-binary fission but can recombine genes to allow evolution
Kingdom Archaebacteria
-unicellular prokaryotes
-both heterotrophic and autotrophic
-greatly affects humans (tooth decay & food poisoning)
-E. coli & Staphylococcus
-binary fission but can recombine genes to allow evolution
Kingdom Eubacteria
-eukaryotes that are not plants, not animal, not fungi
-unicellular and and some multicellular eukaryotes
-eukaryotic cells have nuclei and organelles
-cells of multicellular variant are not specialized; no specific functions
-euglena and amoeba
Kingdom Protista
-eukaryotes; multicellular
-have cell walls that contain chitin
-heterotrophic-absorption (releases digestive enzymes into a food source), then absorbs it
- decomposers or parasites
-molds, mildews, mushrooms, and yeast
Kingdom Fungi
-eukaryotic, multicellular, carry out photosynthesis
-auttrophs
-CW with polysaccharide cellulose
-specialized cells for photosynthesis, transport, and support
-mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
Kingdom Plantae
-multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic
-NO CELL WALLS
-can move from place to place
-some are attached to surfaces (sponges and barnacles)
-fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals
-sponges, jellyfish, worms, sea stars, insects
Kingdom Animalia
