Historyof Biological Diversity and Classification of Living Taxa Flashcards
1
Q
Geologic Time
A
Eon —> Era —> Period —> Epoch
2
Q
4 eons
A
Precambrian (87% of Earth’s history): Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic
Phanerozoic
3
Q
3.8 BYA - 4.5 BYA (age of rocks)
-Earth Coalescing
-Water
-Moon formation
-Core accretion
-Magnetic field
-Late bombardment stage
Heat source
A
Hadean Eon
4
Q
oldest sedimentary rocks
A
3.8 BYA
5
Q
age of rocks
A
4.5 BYA
6
Q
2.5 BYA-3.8 BYA
A
Archean eon
7
Q
first oceans
A
Archean eon
8
Q
DNA
A
Archean eon
9
Q
Tectonic activity
A
Archean eon
10
Q
First continent
A
Archean eon
11
Q
Prokaryote Bacteria
A
Archean Eon
12
Q
Band Iron Formation
A
Archean eon
13
Q
Great Oygenation Event (Ozone layer)
A
Archean eon
14
Q
2.5 BYA-565 MYA
A
Proterozoic Eon
15
Q
Oxygen Crisis
A
Proterozoic Eon
16
Q
First Eukaryotes
A
Proterozoic Eon
17
Q
Snowball Earth
A
Proterozoic Eon
18
Q
Multicellular life
A
Proterozoic Eon
19
Q
Ozone Stabilization
A
Proterozoic Eon
20
Q
Next to longest subdivision; marked by major changes in the fossil record
A
Era
21
Q
Different Eras in Phanerozoic Eon
A
- Paleozoic
- Mesozoic
- Cenozoic
22
Q
Cambrian explosion
A
Phanerozoic Eon (Peleozoic Era)
23
Q
Age of Invertebrates
A
Phanerozoic Eon (Peleozoic Era)
24
Q
Age of Fish
A
Phanerozoic Eon (Peleozoic Era)
25
Fungi
Phanerozoic Eon (Peleozoic Era)
26
Land Plants
Phanerozoic Eon (Peleozoic Era)
27
Age of Amphibians
Phanerozoic Eon (Paleozoic Era)
28
Insects
Phanerozoic Eon (Peleozoic Era)
29
Coal deposits
Phanerozoic Eon (Peleozoic Era)
30
Extinction
Phanerozoic Eon (Peleozoic Era)
31
Age of Reptiles
Phanerozoic Eon (Mesozoic Era)
32
Pangea
Phanerozoic Eon (Mesozoic Era)
33
Age of Conifers
Phanerozoic Eon (Mesozoic Era)
34
Age of Dinosaurs
Phanerozoic Eon (Mesozoic Era)
35
Birds
Phanerozoic Eon (Mesozoic Era)
36
Small Mammals
Phanerozoic Eon (Mesozoic Era)
37
Flowering Plants
Phanerozoic Eon (Mesozoic Era)
38
Different Periods in Paleozoic Era
-Cambrian Period
-Ordovician Period
-Silurian Period
-Devonian Period
-Carboniferous Period
-Permian Period
39
It is based on types of life existing at the time
Periods
40
Different Periods in Mesozoic Era
-Triassic Period
-Jurassic Period
-Cretaceous Period
41
Dinosaur Extinction
Phanerozoic Eon (Cenozoic Era)
42
Age of Mammals
Phanerozoic Eon (Cenozoic Era)
43
Primates
Phanerozoic Eon (Cenozoic Era)
44
Grass
Phanerozoic Eon (Cenozoic Era)
45
Modern Earth
Phanerozoic Eon (Cenozoic Era)
46
Apes
Phanerozoic Eon (Cenozoic Era)
47
Stone Age
Phanerozoic Eon (Cenozoic Era)
48
Homo sapiens
Phanerozoic Eon (Cenozoic Era)
49
Cities
Phanerozoic Eon (Cenozoic Era)
50
Different Periods in Cenozoic Era
-Paleogene period
-Neogene period
51
-remnants or relics
-preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the past
Fossils
52
Other trace fossils
1. petrified cone
2. casts and molds
3. fossils in amber
53
Evidences of Precambrian life
1. Morphological fossils
2. Stromatolites
3. Chemical fossils
54
Amber
fossilized tree resin
55
Morphological fossils
black chert
56
Chemical fossils
C12/C13 ratios
57
geologically stable organic molecules
Pristane and Phytane
58
-Onverwacht Series, South Africa
-most ancient
-spheroidal, cup-shaped carbonaceous alga-like bodies
Archaean Fossils
59
-oldest fossils
-mostly formed by cyanobacteria
-high amount of C12/C13 biological fixation
Stromatolites
60
was created through the oxygen by-product and subsequent oxygenation of earth's atmosphere
banded iron formations
61
Fig Tree Formation, Southern Africa
1. Eobacterium isolatum
2. Archaeosphaeroides barbetonensis
62
Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia
1. Limestone
2. Stromatolites
63
Gunflint Chert, Canada
Eosphaera
64
-dawn star
-probably iron or magnesium-reducing bacteria
Eoastrion
65
-uncertain affinity, 30 micrometers in diameter
Eosphaera
66
-probably algae
Animikiea
67
-uncertain affinity
Kakabekia
68
spherical microfossil that is possibly a bacterial spore, often showing a double wall and small circular opening on its spore body
Huroniospora
69
small filamentous sheath of bacterial affinity
Gunflintia minuta
70
Age of eukaryotes
1.6 billion years old
71
1.4-1.6 BYA—oldest eukaryote
spherical microfossils that look like the resting stage or cysts of dinoflagellates and other algae
some have spines; some are bare
Acritarchs
72
Chamberlane Shale Formation
Ural Mts., Russia
73
0.9 BYA — Bittter Springs Formation, Australia
1. colonial chroococcalean form, probably Myxococcoides minor
2. filamentous Palaeolyngbya
74
All soft-bodied, jellyfish-like animals. 26 species, 18 genera, 4 or more phyla
Discoidal types, initially thought to be Cnidaria; some are members of an extinct phylum
0.6 BYA — Ediacaran Fossils of Southern Australia
75
Frond-like types, resembling living octocorals called pens (Cnidaria)
Elongated to ovate types, interpreted as impressions made by large flatworms and annelid worms
Spriggina floundersi
Ediacaran Fauna
76
an advanced metazoan in the Ediacaran fauna, first known organism to have a coelom (body cavity); Possibly mollusc-like
Kimberella
77
small, tubular shell of calcium carbonate; interpreted as a tube-dwelling worm
earliest known organism with CaCO3 shell (Namibia, Africa)
Cloudina
78
Fossil record of life
1. Carbon film in rocks— LIFE
Stromatolites (cyanobacteria)
Bacteria
2. Gunflint Chert Fossils
3. Metozoans
79
large cells with nuclei and organelles that appeared by Mesoproterozoic time
appeared by 2.7 to 2.2 BYA; determined by molecular fossils or chemical clues
Eukaryotes
80
single-celled, spherical, organic-walled microfossils
may be a phytoplankton
Acritarchs
81
Name of taxonomic category of Ediacaran
Vendoza
82
small fossils with hard parts or shells appeared in the Vendian
Ediacaran
