Systems - DA42 NG Flashcards

1
Q

Give a brief overview of the Landing Gear System

A

Acronym: THERN

T - Tricycle
H - Hydraulically actuated
E - Electronicaly powered (power pack)
R - Retractable
N - Nose gear stearing

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2
Q

What is the Power Pack, what are its main components, & where is it located?

A

Acronym: REEP

1) Provides the power & hydraulic fluid for the landing gear

2)
R - Resevoir (hydraulic)
E - Electric Motor
E - Emergency Accumulator (emergency gear down)
P - Pumps for Hydraulic fluid

3) Located behind the R rear pax seat

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3
Q

What are the 10 components of the Landing Gear?

A

Acronym: DUST FT PSHD

D - Down Lock Hook (DLH)
U - Unlocking Rod
S - Strut
T - Tension Spring
F - Folding Stay
T - Trailing Link
P - Position Limit Switches
S - Squat Switches
H - Hydraulic Actuator
D - Dampner

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4
Q

Describe the basic overveiw of the Prop System

A
  1. The master switch turns on the Unfeathering accumulator & the Feathering valve. (SEE DIAGRAM)
  2. Main Components
    * Master switch
    * Solenoid valve
    * Unfeathering accumulator
    * GB
    * Feathering Valve
    * Prop Gob
    * Hub
    * Counterweight Latching system
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5
Q

Describe the Automatic Feathering System

A

Automatic Feathering occurs when
1. Engine Master is turned off ABOVE 1,300 RPM
2. Complete loss of oil pressure

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6
Q

What is the Centrifugal Latching Mechanism?

A

Weights attached to the Propeller that are..
1. Latched below 1,300 RPM to prevent unwanted feathering on the ground
2. Unlatched above 1,300 RPM to allow the prop to be feathered

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7
Q

Why dont we want the prop to be feathered on the ground below 1,300 RPM?

A
  1. A feathered (high/coarse pitch) prop will put more stress on the engine
  2. The prop will produce more thrust at a lower RPM in the unfeathered (low/fine pitch) position, which is good for taxiing.
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8
Q

What is meant by a Fully Feathered or Unfeathered Prop?

A

Fethering refers to the change in pitch of the propeller blade
Fully Feathered = High pitch, Coarse Pitch (low RPM)
Unfeathered = Low pitch, Fine Pitch (high RPM)

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9
Q

Describe how oil pressure effects the pitch & RPM of the prop in a Twin

A
  1. High Oil Pressure = Low Pitch = High RPM
  2. Low Oil Pressure = High Pitch = Low RPM

This is the reverse of the DA40 NG.

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10
Q

Describe what the Unfeathering Accumulator does

A
  1. Stores Compressed Nitrogen Oil (125 PSI) in order to forcibly UNFEATHER the prop to RESTART a failed engine
  2. Helps to maintain Oil Pressure for 5-10 seconds if lost intermittently
  3. The Unfeathering Accumulator is engaged when the Engine Master Switch is turned on

Essentially, the Accumulator provides Hydraulic pressure when the engine is restarted or during a temporary loss of oil pressure

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11
Q

Why does the oil pressure in the prop governor of a twin work the opposite of a single engine aircraft?

A

Because if our engine fails in the twin, we want our propeller to fail in the HIGH pitch position (coarse, low RPM) in order to minimize drag

  • In the single engine, we want our engine to fail in the low pitch position (fine, high RPM) in order to maximize thrust.
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12
Q

What provides the oil pressure necessary to operate teh Prop Governor?

A

The Gearbox Oil Pump

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13
Q

What is the Low Pitch Limit (Unfeathered)?

A

13 degrees

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14
Q

What is the High Pitch Limit of the Prop (Fully Feathered)

A

80 degrees

  • Close to 90, to minimize drag
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15
Q

What does the Left Gear Squat Switch do?

A

A sensor that..
1. Prevents gear retraction on the ground

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16
Q

What does the Right Gear Squat Switch do?

A

Acronym: G-TEST

A sensor that..

G - Glow Plugs, prevents them from being activated in the air
T - Traffic Avoidance System, turns it off on the ground
E - ECU test, prevents it from occuring in the air
S - Stall Heat, prevents it from being turned on too long on the ground (will damage it)
T - Tach time, tracks it (air time)

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17
Q

How does a Squat Switch work?

A

They are essentially electrical weight sensing devices
* When weight is applied to the Landing Gear an electrical circuit is completed

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18
Q

Where are the Squat Switches located?

A

On the L & R main gear
* Little black things
(see photo)

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19
Q

Auxiliary fuel tank capacities

A

13.7 Max (x2: 27.4)
13.2 Usable (x2: 26.4)

We don’t use our auxillary tanks on training flights

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20
Q

Main Tank Capacities

A

26 max (x2: 52)
25 Usable (x2: 50)

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21
Q

What is the total fuel capacity per side?

A

39.7 Max
38.2 Usable

*including Aux tank

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22
Q

What is the total fuel capacity?

A

79.4 Max
76.4 Usable

*including Aux tanks

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23
Q

What is the max fuel imbalance (between the mains) when NOT using the AUX tanks?

A

5 Gal

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24
Q

What is the max fuel capacity in the main tanks only?

A

52 gal total (26 per side)
50 usuable (25 per side)

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25
Q

What is the max imbalance when USING the Aux Tank?

A

1 Gallon

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26
Q

What are the engine restart limitations?

A

Above 10,000ft MSL
* IMMEDIATE Restart

Below 10,000ft MSL
* Above -5c = 10 mins
* -5c to -15c = 5 mins
* Below -15c = 2 mins

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27
Q

Which engine powers the Defrost?

A

Left Engine

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28
Q

Which engine powers the Cabin Heat?

A

Right Engine

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29
Q

What are the Operating Maneuvering Speeds? (Vo)

A

Up to 3,748 lbs = 112 kts
3,748 lbs to 3,968 lbs = 119
Above 3,968 = 122

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30
Q

Max T/O Weight

A

4,407 lbs

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31
Q

Max Zero Fuel Weight

A

4,045 lbs

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32
Q

Max Landing Weight

A

4,407 lbs

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33
Q

Minimum Flight Weight

A

3,197 lbs

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34
Q

Wingspan

A

44.5 ft

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35
Q

Where is the ELT Antenna located?

A

First antenna on top of the fuselage

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36
Q

Where are the Landing and Taxi lights located?

A

Under the fuselage

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37
Q

On the lower nose section near the OAT sensor, what is the small tube for?

A

Its a battery vent & TKS fluid vent/overfill drain

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38
Q

How do you know which planes will have the Short Baggage extension vs the standard?

A

The planes with the Short Baggage Extension will be the planes with A/C.

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39
Q

Weight limits for the planes with the Standard Baggage Compartment (short extension)

A

Standard Baggage Area (Arm: 143.7)
* 66 lbs (includes the Tray)

Short Baggage Ext (Arm: 156.3)
* 33 lbs

Planes with A/C are configured this way

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40
Q

What are the weight limits for the planes with the Cabin Baggage Compartment? (long extension)

A

Cabin Baggage (Arm: 153.1)
* 100 lbs (inlcudes the Tray)

Baggage Ext (Arm: 178.7)
* 40 lbs

Total not to exceed 100 lbs

Planes without A/C are configured this way

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41
Q

How is what is Engine Load?

A

A calculation from the ECU based on..
* Fuel Pressure
* Fuel Injection timing
* Manifold Pressure
* Prop RPM

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42
Q

What is the maximum steering angle using only the nose wheel?

A

30 degrees

You will use breaking and thrust to turn more

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43
Q
A

nose wheel centering mechanism

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44
Q

Describe the Flaps on the DA42

A

Two main sections
* Inboard
* Outboard

Type
* Inboard are Split Flaps
* Outboard are Plain Flaps

Operation
* Electrically actuated, mechanically interconnected

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45
Q

What is the up limit of the Variable Elevator Stop and why?

A

13 degrees (when both engines above 20% power.

Reason: Full elevator deflection durring a stall, the stall charactoristics of the aircraft are degraded

If this function is not working you will see a ‘STOP LIMIT’ Caution on the G1000

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46
Q

How do you check the Variable Elevator Stop during preflight?

A
  1. Hold the stick all the way aft
  2. Throttle full
  3. Check stop limit engagment
  4. Throttle Idle
  5. Check for stop limit disengagement
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47
Q

Describe how the prop will unfeather

A
  1. The Unfeathering Accumulator will unfeather the prop when the engine master is turned on
  2. Oil pressure will begin building when the starter is cranked
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48
Q

What are the approved engine shut down demonstration altitudes?

A

Between 3,000ft AGL & 10,000ft PA

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49
Q

Are we allowed to demonstrate a windmill restart?

A

No, per the AFM. We can only restart the engine with the starter

A windmill restart is when you start the engine using the windmilling propeller to create enough motion to engage the engine mechanisms vs using the starter moter to turn the prop/engine

50
Q

Max restart altitude:

A

IMMEDIATE restarts only between 10,000ft & 15,000ft PA

51
Q

What is the speed limit for a Starter assisted engine restart?

A

Max 100kts
* OR, airspeed that the prop stops spinning, whichever is lower

AFM page 2-11

52
Q

What is the airspeed range for restarting an engine with a Windmilling Prop?

A

125-145

This higher airspeed helps spin the prop acting as a makeshift ‘starter’

53
Q

What are the Engine Starter Motor use limitations when restarting an engine in flight?

A
  1. Max time: 5 seconds
  2. Requires a 30 second cooldown
  3. Max Attemps: 3
54
Q

Describe what each of the air inlets on the engine are for

A

Vew: Facing the nose cone
1.RH opening: Engine air, Intercooler air
2.Underside opening, Gearbox cooling, Radiator cooling, Fuel cooling, & Cabin Heat exchanger
3. Rear opening: air escape for all engine inlets

55
Q

What is the temperature at which the Thermostatic Valve will open the Radiator circuit?

A

88c

56
Q

Which engines operate the Cabin Defrost and Cabin Heat respectively?

A

LH Engine
* Cabin Defrost

RH Engine
* Cabin Heat

57
Q

Describe the Fuel System

A
58
Q

When the Fuel Valve is set to Crossfeed, what happens to the Return Fuel, which tank does it Return to?

A

The fuel will return to the tank it came from.
So the opposite engine will be feeding entirely off of the opposite side main tank completely independent of its own main tank.

59
Q

Where does the RACC gets its power from?

A

A 3rd alternator located on the left engine

60
Q
A
61
Q

What is the RACC?

A

Recirculating Air Cabin Cooling

62
Q

Explain the Limitations and Performance Impacts of the RACC

A

Limitations (no use)
* Above 10,000ft PA
* Below 10c
* Durring Emergencies or Abnormal Operations
* T/O, LDG, & Go-Arounds

Performance Impacts
* Adds 150lbs
* ON: -75 FPM climb, -5% TAS
* OFF: -2% TAS

63
Q

Autopilot Max & Min operating speeds

A

Max 180 kts
Min: 90 kts

64
Q

What is the ESP System?

A

Electronic Stability Protection system
* It increases servo forces on the control stick to keep the aircraft inside the normal flight envelope
* It is only active above 200ft AGL

65
Q

When will the ESP system engage & disengage?

A

Nose Up:
* 16 degrees engaged
* 12 degrees disengaged

Nose Down:
* 22 degrees engage
* 17 degrees disengage

Bank:
* 45 degrees engage
* 75 degrees disengage
* Will roll the aircraft back to 30 degrees

Vne
* Exceeding will cause the ESP to pitch the nose up to slow down

Source: ERAU Multi Engine Guide DA42-VI

66
Q

How can you override the ESP system?

A

With either the CWS button or the AP Disconnect button

67
Q

What is the ESP system called that crontrols our elevator pitch?

A

Variable Elevator Backstop

68
Q

What bus is the TKS fluid pump on?

A

LH Main Bus

69
Q

What bus are the AUX Transfer pumps on?

A

LH Main Bus

70
Q

What is the minimum operating temperature of the Ice Protection System (IPS)?

A

-30c

Source: AFM Supplement

71
Q

What does the Alt Switch on the IPS panel do?

A

Connects the Main Pump 2 to the RH Main Bus

It is normally connected to the LH Main bus

72
Q

How many pumps does the Ice Protection System (IPS) have?

A

4 Pumps
* 2 Prop & Airfram (Main Pumps
* 2 Windshield pumps

73
Q

Vo Weights & Speeds

A

Below 3748 lbs = 112 kts
Between 3748 & 3968 lbs = 119 kts
Above 3968 lb = 122 kts

74
Q

What is TKS fluid made of?

A

Water-Glycol mix

75
Q

How much does TKS fluid weigh per Liter?

A

2.43 lbs

76
Q

What is the amount of TKS fluid in Liters for: Max, Usable and, Minimum Dispatch

A

Max: 31.5L
Usable: 30L
Disp: 22L

77
Q

With the IPS set to Normal, how long will the TKS fluid last if full?

A

2.5 hours

Important to note for cross country flights as our full fuel endurance will be for much longer

78
Q

With the IPS panel set to High, how long will our TKS fluid last us?

A

1 hour

79
Q

With the IPS Panel set to Max, how long will our TKS fluid last?

A

30 mins

80
Q

Which IPS Panel lights will illuminate when set to, Normal, High, & Max?

A

Normal: White light
High: One Amber light
Max: Two Amber lights

81
Q

How will the IPS pumps behave when set to Normal?

A
  • Both Main Pumps on
  • On for 30s, off for 90
82
Q

How will the IPS Pumps Behave when set to High?

A
  • Only one selected Main Pump is on
  • On Continuously
83
Q

How will the IPS pumps behave when set to Max?

A

Both Main Pumps will run continuously but only for 2 mins

You’ll have to repeatedly press the max button after the 2 mins expires

84
Q

How long will the Windshield panel button activate TKS fluid for when pressed?

A

5 seconds

85
Q

What is the minimum amount of TKS fluid we are allowed to dispatch a flight with?

A

22L

86
Q

Is the DA42 certified for Flight into Known Icing (FIKI) conditions?

A

Yes

87
Q

What is one very important caveat when considering using the DA42 in Known Icing Conditions?

A

Per the Ice Protection System supplement: The ice protection system is not a “de-icing” system in the usual sense it can remove only small accumulations of ice. Its main purpose is to PREVENT the accretion of ice

First page of the IPS supplement

88
Q

What warning does the DA42 AFM Supplment offer about ice accumulation?

A

if accumulation of 1/4 inch or more on the porous panels of the TKS system is encountered you should…
* set the Ice Protection System to High/Max and..
* Leave the area of icing immediately

89
Q

What are the limitations associated with the Ice Protection System?

A

Autopilot
* AP use is prohibited when icing forms behind the protected area or unusual elevator trim conditions.

Cruise & Descent speeds in icing conditions
* Min = 118 kts
* Max = 156 kts

Climbing in icing conditions:
* 118 kts flaps UP
* 90 kts flaps APP

Icing conditions
* Freezing Rain & Drizzle operations are prohibited

Temperature
* Min -30c

Configuration: Icing Conditions
* Flaps & Gear: Use only for landing
* Flaps LDG use is prohibited in icing conditions or with residual ice on unprotected surfaces
* NO OEI operations

Equipment Required
* Icing light must be operational for flight at night

90
Q

How much time does the Min Dispatch TKS fluid amount (22L) give us when set to Normal?

A

90 min

91
Q

What should you do if the IPS fails while in Icing Conditions?

A
  1. Leave the area of Icing
  2. Maintain 118 to 156 kts
  3. Set power to Max Continuous to maintain airspeed as necessary
  4. Nearest suitable airport
  5. Land faster than normal (roughly 90kts), use of LDG Flaps is prohibited
92
Q

What does the IPS AFM Supplement say about identifying possible freezing rain/drizzle conditions?

A
  1. Visible rain at temps below +5c
  2. Droplets that splatter on impact at +5c
  3. Larger than normal performance loss than in normally encountered icing conditions
93
Q

How do you preflight the IPS?

A
  1. Check fluid quantity
  2. Press windshield button and check for fluid dispersal, set to HIGH and check wings
  3. Annunciation Test Button - Press for DEICE LVL LO & DEICE PRES LO annunciation
  4. Select pump 1 and set panel to HIGH, veryify DEICE PRES LO annunciation not active. SET BACK TO PUMP 2.
  5. Check Ice light
94
Q

How much fluid is left when the DEICE LVL LO caution appears when the panel is set to Normal & High?

A

Normal = 45 Mins
High = 22 Mins

95
Q

What is the maximum demonstrated crosswind in the DA42?

A
  1. 25 kts Flaps UP
  2. 20 kts Flaps APP or in Icing
96
Q

What are the two main components of the IPS and their associated pumps?

A
  1. Airframe & Propeller: Pump 1 AND 2 (when set to Normal/Max)
  2. Windsheild: Pump 1 OR Pump 2
97
Q

What are the approved types of TKS fluid for the DA42?

A
  1. AL-5
  2. Aeroshell Compound 07
98
Q

What are the different Supplemental Type Certificates (STCs) that the DA42 has?

A

Our Aircraft:
* Vortex Generators STC

May exist on other DA42s:
* G1000 STC
* AmSafe Inflatable Restraint System STC
* & more

99
Q

How many Vortex Generators may be missing OR damaged according the the STC?

A

Up to 5 vortex generators may be missing or damaged before the aircraft would be considered not airworthy

100
Q

How many batteries does the DA42 have, also, what are the Volts & Amps of all our battieries & Alternators

A

7 batteries:

  1. Main battery (24v 13.6A)
  2. RH ECU A Backup battery (12V 7.2A )
  3. RH ECU B Backup battery (12V 7.2A)
  4. LH ECU A Backup battery (12V 7.2A)
  5. LH ECU B Backup battery (12V 7.2A)
  6. Emergency battery (30v)
  7. ELT battery (6v)

Alternators
* 28v 70 Amp

101
Q

What are the different ADs on the DA42

A

5 Total ADs

  1. AD 2021-22-03 Nose/Tail Landing Gear Attach Section
  2. AD 2024-06-13 T bolt replacement/ torque seal
  3. AD 2024-19-10 Piston borescope inspection
  4. AD 2020-14-07 Fuel Injector Replacment
    5.
102
Q

What is the pitch of the propeller when it is in its Min & Max pitch?

A

Max pitch: 80 degrees
Min pitch: 13 degrees

103
Q

When are the landing gear actuators NOT under pressure?

A

When the Emergency Extend lever has been used

104
Q

What is the purpose of the Landing Gear Tension Spring?

A

To help hold the gear in the extended position

105
Q

What is the AFM approved altitude range for intentional engine shutdown?

A
106
Q

At what angle are the flaps at when APP or LDG is selected?

A

APP = 20 degrees
LDG = 42 degrees

107
Q

What is different about the tires on the 42 vs the 40?

A

The DA42 tire has an innertube

108
Q

What is the difference between Volts & Amps hours?

A
  1. Volts can be thought of as Power Supply
  2. Amps hours can be thought of as Power Draw
109
Q

Is the Gear hydraulic system a unidirectioinal system or an omnidirectional sytem

A

It is a unidirectional system, meaning that the hydraulic fluid only flows in one direction relative to the resevoir

110
Q

To what side is the piston inside the Gear actuator deflected when retracted & extended?

A

Retracted = Pushed to the left (longer)
Exteded = PUshed to the right (shorter)

111
Q

How have we estimated how much each chamber in the main tanks hold?

A

Based on the behavrio of the fuel quantity indicators
* only the inner and outer tank chambers have fuel quantity indicators
* Full fuel indication is 25 gallons
* Once it reads 22 gals the indicator jumps down to 17 gals and stays there for awhile, hinting that the middle tank has 5 gals. It has no fuel indicator probe
* At a certain point the fuel indication will begin to drop below 17 gals hinting that the middle tank is now empty.

112
Q

How does the hydraulic fluid flow when the gear is moving to the retracted position (piston is in transit to the retract side)?

A

Fluid will flow into both sides of the piston
* The larger surface area on the right side of the piston will cause a greater force to be applied to it resulting in the piston moving towards the retract side

113
Q

How does the hydraulic fluid flow when the gear is in transit to the extended position (piston is in transit from the retract side to the extend side)?

A

Hydraulic fluid flows into the actuator behind the piston and pushes the piston to the extend side, while fluid in front of the piston is pushed out of the actuator & into the resevoir

114
Q

How is the gear held in the retracted or extended position once it is locked into place?

A

Hydraulic pressure
* Retracted - Fluid pressure is held in front of the piston, piston is held all the way to the retract side
* Extended - Fluid pressure is held behind the piston, piston is held all the way to the extend side

115
Q

What Bus is the Landing Gear located on?

A

The LH Main Bus

116
Q

What kind of fluid is inside the landing gear Dampers?

A

An air-oil mixture (Aeroshell Fluid 41)

117
Q

What is the purpose of the Centering Mechanism on the Nose gear?

A
  1. To make sure that the wheel retracts into the nose straight
  2. To prevent nose wheel shimmy when on the ground
118
Q

How does our nose wheel steering work?

A

A Steering Linkage connected to the rudder pedals via the Stearing Arm Bracket
* It is automatically disconnected when the gear is retracted

119
Q

How is the output of the Alternators controlled?

A
  1. An Alternator Control Unit will sense the power needed by the aircraft and provide the required electrical load
  2. The Left Alternator Control Units Voltage Regulator balences the load between the two alternators so they produce a similar output
120
Q

Which Alternator Control Units Voltage Regulator balences the load between the two Alternators?

A

The Left Alternator Control Unit contains the Voltage Regulator

121
Q

How does the Alternator convert its current from AC to DC?

A

Via a Rectifier which contains several Diodes
* The Diodes only allow current to flow in one direction (DC) & block the current flowing in the opposite direction

How an Alternator Works: https://youtu.be/jdSKlg80DjU?si=KOUx9pa1VN0iZ7Bq

122
Q

How does the electrical system keep its power output the same, even when the Alternator is running faster at higher engine RPMs?

A

The Alternator is equipped with a Voltage Regulator which will limit the output of the Alternator when it is running faster.