Systems Flashcards
Normal flora: skin
S. epidermidis
Normal flora: nose
S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus
Normal flora: orophatynx
Viridans group streptococci
Normal flora: dental plaque
Strep. mutans
Normal flora: colon
Bacteroides fragilis > E.coli
Normal flora: vagina
Lactobacillus
colonized by E. coi
Group B Strep
Food poisoning: contaminated seafood
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibro vulnificus
can cause wound infection from contact with contaminated water or shellfish
Food poisoning: reheated rice
Bacillus cereus (start and end quickly)
Food poisoning: meats, mayo, custard
S. aureus (preformed toxin; start and end quickly)
Food poisoning: reheated meat dishes
Clostridium perfringens
Food poisoning: improperly canned foods
C. botulinum
Food poisoning: undercooked meat
E. coli O157:H7
Food poisoning: poulty, meat, and eggs
Salmonella
Mimic appendicitis
Yersinia enterocoliticia (mesenteric adenitis)
Nontyphoidal Salmonella
Camplyobacter jejuni
Pneumonia in Neonates
(< 4wk)
Group B Strep
E. coli
Pneumonia in Children
(4wk - 18 yr) RSV Mycoplasma Chlamydia trachomatis (infants - 3 yr) Chlamydia pneumoniae (school-age) Strep pneumoniae
Pneumonia in Adults (18 - 40 yr)
Mycoplasma
C. pneumoniae
S. pneumoniae
Pneumonia in Adults (40 - 65 yr)
S. pneumoniae H. influenzae Anaerobes Viruses Mycoplasma
Pneumonia in Elderly
S. pneumoniae Influenza virus Anaerobes H. influenzae Gram-negative rods
Pneumonia in nosocomial
Staph, enteric gram-negative rods
Pneumonia in immunocompromised
Staph, enteric gram-negative rods, fungi, viruses, Pneumocystis jirovecii (HIV)
Pneumonia in aspiration
anaerobes
Pneumonia in alcoholic/IV drug user
S. pneumoniae
Klebsiella
Staph
Pneumonia in CF
Pseudomonas
S. aureus
S. pneumoniae
Postviral pneumonia
Staph
H. influenzae
S. pneumoniae
Atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia
Meningitis in newborn
(0-6 mo)
Group B strep
E. coli
Listeria
Meningitis in children
(6 mo - 6 yr) S. pneumoniae N. meningitidis H. inflienzae type B Enteroviruses
Meningitis in 6-60 yr
S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis (#1 in teens)
Enteroviruses
HSV
Meningitis in 60+
S. pneumoniae
Gram-negative rods
Listeria
Osteomyelitis in sexually active
N. gonorrhoeae (rare), septic arthritis more common
Osteomyelitis in diabetic and IV drug userr
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Serratia
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell
Salmonella
Osteomyelitis in prosthetic replacement
S. auerus and S. epidermidis
Osteomyelitis in vertebral disease
M. tuberculosis (Pott’s disease)
Osteomyelitis in cat and dog bites/scratches
Pasteurella multocida
Congenital: Toxoplasma gondii
Transmission: cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat
Maternal findings: usually asymptomatic; lympadenopathy
Neonatal findings: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications
Congenital: Rubella
Transmission: respiratory droplets
Maternal findings: rash, lymphadenopathy, arthritis
Neonatal findings: PDA, cataracts, and deafness +/- “blueberry muffin” rash
Congenital: CMV
Transmission: sexual contact, organ transplants
Maternal: usually asymptomatic, mono-like
Neonatal: hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, “blueberry muffin” rash
Congenital: HIV
Transmission: sexual contact, needlestick
Maternal: depends on CD4 count
Neonatal: recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea
Congenital: HSV-2
Transmission: skin or mucous membrane contact
Maternal: usually asymptomatic; herpetic lesions
Neonatal: encephalitis, herpetic lesions
Congenital: Syphilis
Transmission: sexual contact
Maternal: chancre (primary); disseminated rash (secondary); these 2 stages likely to result in fetal infection
Neonatal: stillbirth, hydrops fetalis; facial abnormalities (notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla), saber shins, CN VIII deafness
Rashes: Rubella
rash begins at head and moves down
fine truncal rash
postauricular lymphasenopathy
Rashes: Measles
rash beginning at the head and moving down
rash preceded by couch, coryza, conjunctivitis, and blue-white spots on buccal mucosa
Rashes: VZV
vesicular rash begins on trunk
spreads to face and extremities
Rashes: HHV-6
Roseola
macular rash over body appears to after several days of high fever
can present with febrile seizures
usually affects infants
Rashes: Strep pyogenes
Scarlet fever
erythematous, sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat
Rashes: Coxsackievirus type A
Hand-foor-mouth disease
vesicular rash on palms and soles
ulcers in oral mucosa
STD: Gonorrhea
urethritis, cervicitis, PID, prostatitis, epididymitis, arthritis, creamy purulent discharge
STD: Syphilis
Treponema pallidum
Primary: painless chancre
Secondary: fever, lymphadenopathy, skin rash, condylomata lata
Tertiary: gummas, tabes dorsalis, general paresis, aortitis, Argyll Robertson pupil
STD: Chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi
painful genital ulcer, inguinal adenopathy
STD: Genital herpes
HSV-2, less commonly HSV-1
painful penile, vulvar, or cervical vesicles and ulcers
can cause systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, myalgia
STD: Chlamydia
Chlamydia trachomatis (D-K)
urethritis, cervicitis, conjunctivitis, Reiter’s syndrome, PID
STD: Lymphogranuloma venereum
C. trachomatis (L1-L3)
infection of lymphatics; genital ulcers, lymphadenopathy, rectal strictures
STD: Trichomoniasis
Trichomonas vaginalis
vaginitis, strawberry-colored mucosa, motile in wet prep
