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Step 1 Micro > Systems > Flashcards

Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Normal flora: skin

A

S. epidermidis

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2
Q

Normal flora: nose

A

S. epidermidis; colonized by S. aureus

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3
Q

Normal flora: orophatynx

A

Viridans group streptococci

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4
Q

Normal flora: dental plaque

A

Strep. mutans

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5
Q

Normal flora: colon

A

Bacteroides fragilis > E.coli

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6
Q

Normal flora: vagina

A

Lactobacillus
colonized by E. coi
Group B Strep

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7
Q

Food poisoning: contaminated seafood

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibro vulnificus

can cause wound infection from contact with contaminated water or shellfish

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8
Q

Food poisoning: reheated rice

A

Bacillus cereus (start and end quickly)

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9
Q

Food poisoning: meats, mayo, custard

A

S. aureus (preformed toxin; start and end quickly)

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10
Q

Food poisoning: reheated meat dishes

A

Clostridium perfringens

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11
Q

Food poisoning: improperly canned foods

A

C. botulinum

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12
Q

Food poisoning: undercooked meat

A

E. coli O157:H7

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13
Q

Food poisoning: poulty, meat, and eggs

A

Salmonella

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14
Q

Mimic appendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocoliticia (mesenteric adenitis)
Nontyphoidal Salmonella
Camplyobacter jejuni

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15
Q

Pneumonia in Neonates

A

(< 4wk)
Group B Strep
E. coli

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16
Q

Pneumonia in Children

A 
(4wk - 18 yr)
RSV
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia trachomatis (infants - 3 yr)
Chlamydia pneumoniae (school-age)
Strep pneumoniae
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17
Q

Pneumonia in Adults (18 - 40 yr)

A

Mycoplasma
C. pneumoniae
S. pneumoniae

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18
Q

Pneumonia in Adults (40 - 65 yr)

A 
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Anaerobes
Viruses
Mycoplasma
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19
Q

Pneumonia in Elderly

A 
S. pneumoniae
Influenza virus
Anaerobes
H. influenzae
Gram-negative rods
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20
Q

Pneumonia in nosocomial

A

Staph, enteric gram-negative rods

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21
Q

Pneumonia in immunocompromised

A

Staph, enteric gram-negative rods, fungi, viruses, Pneumocystis jirovecii (HIV)

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22
Q

Pneumonia in aspiration

A

anaerobes

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23
Q

Pneumonia in alcoholic/IV drug user

A

S. pneumoniae
Klebsiella
Staph

24
Q

Pneumonia in CF

A

Pseudomonas
S. aureus
S. pneumoniae

25
Q

Postviral pneumonia

A

Staph
H. influenzae
S. pneumoniae

26
Q

Atypical pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia

27
Q

Meningitis in newborn

A

(0-6 mo)
Group B strep
E. coli
Listeria

28
Q

Meningitis in children

A 
(6 mo - 6 yr)
S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis
H. inflienzae type B
Enteroviruses
29
Q

Meningitis in 6-60 yr

A

S. pneumoniae
N. meningitidis (#1 in teens)
Enteroviruses
HSV

30
Q

Meningitis in 60+

A

S. pneumoniae
Gram-negative rods
Listeria

31
Q

Osteomyelitis in sexually active

A

N. gonorrhoeae (rare), septic arthritis more common

32
Q

Osteomyelitis in diabetic and IV drug userr

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Serratia

33
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell

A

Salmonella

34
Q

Osteomyelitis in prosthetic replacement

A

S. auerus and S. epidermidis

35
Q

Osteomyelitis in vertebral disease

A

M. tuberculosis (Pott’s disease)

36
Q

Osteomyelitis in cat and dog bites/scratches

A

Pasteurella multocida

37
Q

Congenital: Toxoplasma gondii

A

Transmission: cat feces or ingestion of undercooked meat

Maternal findings: usually asymptomatic; lympadenopathy

Neonatal findings: chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcifications

38
Q

Congenital: Rubella

A

Transmission: respiratory droplets

Maternal findings: rash, lymphadenopathy, arthritis

Neonatal findings: PDA, cataracts, and deafness +/- “blueberry muffin” rash

39
Q

Congenital: CMV

A

Transmission: sexual contact, organ transplants

Maternal: usually asymptomatic, mono-like

Neonatal: hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, “blueberry muffin” rash

40
Q

Congenital: HIV

A

Transmission: sexual contact, needlestick

Maternal: depends on CD4 count

Neonatal: recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea

41
Q

Congenital: HSV-2

A

Transmission: skin or mucous membrane contact

Maternal: usually asymptomatic; herpetic lesions

Neonatal: encephalitis, herpetic lesions

42
Q

Congenital: Syphilis

A

Transmission: sexual contact

Maternal: chancre (primary); disseminated rash (secondary); these 2 stages likely to result in fetal infection

Neonatal: stillbirth, hydrops fetalis; facial abnormalities (notched teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla), saber shins, CN VIII deafness

43
Q

Rashes: Rubella

A

rash begins at head and moves down
fine truncal rash
postauricular lymphasenopathy

44
Q

Rashes: Measles

A

rash beginning at the head and moving down

rash preceded by couch, coryza, conjunctivitis, and blue-white spots on buccal mucosa

45
Q

Rashes: VZV

A

vesicular rash begins on trunk

spreads to face and extremities

46
Q

Rashes: HHV-6

A

Roseola

macular rash over body appears to after several days of high fever
can present with febrile seizures

usually affects infants

47
Q

Rashes: Strep pyogenes

A

Scarlet fever

erythematous, sandpaper-like rash with fever and sore throat

48
Q

Rashes: Coxsackievirus type A

A

Hand-foor-mouth disease

vesicular rash on palms and soles

ulcers in oral mucosa

49
Q

STD: Gonorrhea

A

urethritis, cervicitis, PID, prostatitis, epididymitis, arthritis, creamy purulent discharge

50
Q

STD: Syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

Primary: painless chancre

Secondary: fever, lymphadenopathy, skin rash, condylomata lata

Tertiary: gummas, tabes dorsalis, general paresis, aortitis, Argyll Robertson pupil

51
Q

STD: Chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

painful genital ulcer, inguinal adenopathy

52
Q

STD: Genital herpes

A

HSV-2, less commonly HSV-1

painful penile, vulvar, or cervical vesicles and ulcers

can cause systemic symptoms such as fever, headache, myalgia

53
Q

STD: Chlamydia

A

Chlamydia trachomatis (D-K)

urethritis, cervicitis, conjunctivitis, Reiter’s syndrome, PID

54
Q

STD: Lymphogranuloma venereum

A

C. trachomatis (L1-L3)

infection of lymphatics; genital ulcers, lymphadenopathy, rectal strictures

55
Q

STD: Trichomoniasis

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

vaginitis, strawberry-colored mucosa, motile in wet prep

Step 1 Micro (9 decks)

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