Common Diseases in HIV patients Flashcards
Low-grade fever, cough, hepatosplenomegaly, tongue ulcer
Histoplasma capsulatum
only cause pulmonary symptoms in immunocompetent
oval yeast within macrophages
CD4 < 100
Fluffy white cottage-cheese lesions
Candida albicans
pseudohyphae
oral - CD4 < 400
esophageal - CD4 < 100
Superficial vascular proliferation
Bartonella henselae
causes bacillary angiomatosis
biopsy reveals neutrophilic inflammation
Chronic watery diarrhea
Cryptosporidium spp.
acid-fast cysts seen in stool
CD4 < 200
Encephalopathy
JC virus reactivation (PML)
results in demyelination
CD4 < 200
Brain Abscesses
Toxoplasma gondii
many ring-enhanced lesions on imaging
CD4 < 100
Meningitis
Cryptococcus neoformans
India ink stain reveals yeast with narrow-based budding and large capsule
CD4 < 50
Retinitis
CMV
cotton-wool spots on funduscopic exam and may occur with esophagitis
CD4 < 50
Superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature
HHV-8
causes Kaposi’s sarcoma
biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation
Hairy leukoplakia
EBV
often on lateral tongue
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (large cell type)
may be associated with EBV
often on oropharynx (Waldeyer’s ring)
Squamous cell carcinoma
HPV
often in anus (males) or cervix (females)
Primary CNS lymphoma
often associated with EBV
focal or multiple
Interstitial pneumonia
CMV
biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl’s eye) inclusion bodies
Invasive aspergillosis
Aspergillus fumigatus
pleuritic pain, hemoptysis, infiltrates on imaging
