Systems Flashcards
What are the Airspeed types and their definitions?
Indicated Airspeed (IAS): Corrected for instrument error
Calibrated Airspeed (CAS): Corrected for Pressure Error
Equivalent Airspeed (EAS): Corrected for Compressibility Error
True Airspeed (TAS): Corrected for density error.
What are the ICAO Standard Atmosphere (ISA) level standards.
Temp: 15C
Pressure: 1013.25
Density: 1.225kg/m3
Humidity: Dry Air 0% RH
Speed of Sounds: 661 knots
Rate of change vertical airspeed
Vertical speed indicator is a reading of static pressure change
What is QNH, QFE, QNE
QNH: Above sea level (ALB will read 400ft)
QFE: Above ground level (Alb will read 0ft)
QNE: Standard pressure setting (1013.25)
Pressure Instrument Names
Airspeed
Altimeter
Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI)
Relationship between TAS and systems
TAS will increase with altitude
TAS= IAS+2 knots every 1000ft
What is the turn instrument name?
Turn Slip Indicator
What is gyro precession
Occurs 90degrees in the direction of turn/spin
What are the Secular and Annual differences of magnetism?
Secular - Magnetic pole orbits 960 years for 17 degrees
Annual - Shifts 2 degrees east to west or west to east every year
ADF System
Automatic Direction Finder
VOR info
Very High Omnidirectional Radio
108.00-117.95
Ground based navaid
Advantages of VOR over NDB
More accurate
Offers radial instead of bearing
DME pairing
Less susceptible to interferance
What is dip angle?
The angle of measuring the horizontal and magnetic force line.
The angle that a magnetic needle makes with the plane of the horizon
What is magnetic variation?
The difference between true north and magnetic north.
What are Isogonal, agonic and aclinic lines?
Isogonal - Lines that connect two points of the same magnetic variation.
Agonic - Lines of zero variation between magnetic and true north.
Aclinic - Lines that connect points of 0 dip angle (magnetic equator)
Magnetic Variation Changes
Diurnally, Annually, 11 year cycle.
Not of sufficient magnitude to affect normal navigation.
What are the Primary and Standby Compass’?
Primary - Remote magnetic indicator or horizontal situation indicator
Powered by magnetic sensors and flux valves
Standby - AKA Direct Indicator Compass
Powered by earth’s magnetic surface. Is a rate gyro (horizontal axis)
Pitotstatic system components
Airflow in (dynamic) through Pitot tube
Flexible diaphragm which expands depending on total pressure
Static pressure compartment which has a static vent.
Mechanical output
Limitations of compasses
Liquid Swirl (Suspended in liquid keeps turning)
Scale error
Parralax Error
Alignment error
Deviation (Magnetic interference)
Turning & Acceleration error summary.
SAND
South (overshoot turn when)
Accelerating
North (overshoot turn when)
Decelerating
ONUS
Overshoots
North
Undershoots
South
