Systems Flashcards
Nose Gear
The nose gear strut is of tubular steel construction and is attached to the
steel engine mount structure
Nose gear shock absorption is provided by an oleo strut.
The nose wheel is free castering and can turn through an arc of
approximately 170 degrees (85 degrees either side of center).
Flap description, material, position, other
electrically controlled, single-slotted flaps
Each flap is manufactured of aluminum
three positions: 0%, 50% (16°) and
100% (32°)
Rub strips are installed on the top
leading edge of each flap to prevent contact between the flap and wing flap
cove.
Main gear
The main landing gear are bolted to composite wing structure between the
wing spar and shear web.
The landing gear struts are constructed of composite material for fatigue resistance
The main wheels and wheel pants are bolted to the struts.
Break System
The main wheels have hydraulically operated, single-disc type brakes, individually activated by floor mounted toe pedals at both pilot stations.
The brake system consists of:
- Master cylinder for each rudder pedal
- Hydraulic fluid reservoir
- Parking brake valve
- Single disc brake assembly on each main landing gear wheel,
- temperature sensors
- associated hydraulic plumbing and wiring.
Parking Break
Brake lines from the toe brakes to the main wheel brake calipers are plumbed through a parking brake valve.
With the handle pushed in, poppets in the valve are mechanically held open allowing normal brake operation.
When the handle is pulled out, the parking brake valve holds applied brake pressure, locking the brakes.
Engine
Lycoming Engines IO-390-C3B6
four-cylinder
normally aspirated
fuel-injected engine
215 HP at 2,700 RPM.
The engine has a 2200-hour Time Between Overhaul (TBO)
Power (throttle) Lever function and set up
adjusts the engine throttle setting in addition to automatically adjusting propeller speed.
The lever is mechanically linked by cables to the air throttle body on the fuel servo and to the propeller governor.
Throttle position
Moving the lever towards MAX opens the air throttle butterfly and increases the pressure differential across the air diaphragm. This change in position of the diaphragm opens the servo valve increasing the volume of fuel delivered to the engine.
Throttle and propeller mechanism
A separate cable to the propeller governor adjusts the governor oil pressure to increase propeller pitch to maintain engine RPM. The system is set to command 2500 RPM from idle through the cruise power setting range and 2700 RPM at full power
Mixture Control Mechanism
The mixture control lever is mechanically linked to a sliding valve inside the fuel servo. The pressure regulator within the servo functions to maintain a differential pressure across the fuel metering jet in proportion to the volume of airflow
What happens when mixture control is moved?
The mixture control allows the pilot to effectively change the size of the metering jet. Moving the lever forward (toward RICH) allows the servo to meter the greatest amount of fuel based on the volume of airflow. Moving the lever aft (toward CUTOFF) reduces the size of the metering valve, leaning the fuel-to-air mixture. The full aft position (CUTOFF) closes this valve, which drops the fuel pressure in the flow divider to zero, causing it to close and shut down
Alternate Air Control Operation
To operate the control, depress the center lock button, pull the knob to the open position, and then release the lock button. Pulling the knob opens the alternate air induction door on the engine induction air manifold, bypasses the air filter, and allows warm unfiltered air to enter the engine. Alternate induction air should be used if blocking of the normal air source is suspected
Engine Lubrication System
The engine is provided with a wet-sump, high-pressure oil system for
engine lubrication and cooling. Oil for engine lubrication is drawn from a
seven-quart capacity sump through an oil suction strainer screen, through
the remotely mounted oil cooler, and then directed to a full flow oil filter
Ignition system
Two engine-driven magnetos and two spark plugs in each cylinder provide
engine fuel ignition. The right magneto fires the lower right and upper left
spark plugs, and the left magneto fires the lower left and upper right spark
plugs.
Air Induction System
Induction air enters the engine compartment through the two inlets in the forward cowling. The air passes through a paper induction filter, through the throttle butterfly, into the four-tube engine manifold, and finally through the cylinder intake ports into the combustion chambers
Engine Fuel Injection
An engine driven fuel pump draws fuel from the selected wing tank and passes it to the fuel servo, where fuel is proportioned in response to the pilot-operated mixture control lever position. The fuel servo adjusts fuel flow in response to the pilot-controlled Power Lever position. From the fuel servo, fuel is directed to the fuel injector manifold and then to the individual injector nozzles.
How is fuel flow metered?
The system meters fuel flow in proportion to engine RPM, mixture setting, and throttle angle. Manual mixture control and idle cut-off are provided. An electric fuel pump provides fuel pressure boost when needed.
What does the propeller governor do?
The propeller governor automatically adjusts propeller pitch to regulate
propeller and engine RPM.
How does the prop gov sense speed?
The propeller governor senses engine speed by means of flyweights and senses throttle setting through a cable connected to the power (throttle) control lever in the cockpit.
How does the prop governor regulate pitch
The propeller governor boosts oil pressure in order to regulate propeller pitch position.
Relationship between throttle and propeller pitch
Moving the throttle lever forward causes the governor to meter less high-pressure oil to the propeller hub allowing centrifugal force acting on the blades to lower the propeller pitch for higher RPM operation. Reducing the power (throttle) lever position causes the governor to meter more high-pressure oil to the propeller hub forcing the blades to a higher pitch, lower RPM, position.
what happens to prop pitch during airpseed changes?
During stabilized flight, the governor automatically adjusts propeller pitch in order to maintain an RPM setting (throttle position). Any change in airspeed or load on the propeller results in a change in propeller pitch.
Fuel System - Description and capacity
Wet wing integral fuel tanks
Total fuel capacity: 58.5 Gallons
Total usable fuel: 56.0 Gallons
Total fuel per tank: 29.3 Gallons
Total Usable fuel per tank: 28 Gallons
Maximum allowable fuel imbalance: 7.5 Gallons
How is fuel qty measured by the gauges?
Float-type fuel quantity sensors in each wing tank supply fuel level information to the fuel quantity gauges.
How many gallons of fuel are indiated by the fuel tabs?
13 usable in each tank - 26 gallons total usable
How many fuel sample drains are there?
5 drains
Lwing tank
Rwing tank
L wing collector
R wing collector
Gascolator
what is the boost pump and what does it do?
- fuel flow for priming
- emergency backup
- vapor suppression in a hot fuel condition.
What things does the Fuel Totalizer do?
- monitors fuel flow
- calculates:
- fuel-to-destination
- fuel used, fuel remaining
- time remaining
- fuel range
- nautical miles per gallon.
How does the Fuel Totalizer know the initial fuel qty?
It is separate and independent of the fuel quantity gauge and float sensor system.
fuel totalizer initial fuel screen prompts the user to enter the total fuel on board at start.
What does a white Fuel CAS message indicate
A white Advisory message is generated when either fuel tank goes
below 8.2 gallons
What does an amber Fuel CAS message indicate?
A amber Caution message is generated when both fuel tanks go below
8.2 gallons.
What does a red Fuel CAS message indicate?
A red Warning message is generated when the fuel totalizer or sensed fuel quantity (left plus right) is below 7 gallons.
How does the tachometer work?
The tachometer receives a speed signal from a magnetic pickup sensor on the right hand magneto from the Engine Indicating System via the Engine Airframe Unit.
How does the EGT work?
A sensor in the exhaust pipe of each cylinder measures exhaust gas temperature and provides a voltage signal to the Engine Airframe Unit which processes and transmits the data to the Engine Indicating System.
How does the CHT work?
A sensor in each cylinder head measures cylinder head temperature and provides a voltage signal to the Engine Airframe Unit which processes and transmits the data to the Engine Indicating System.
How does the oil temp indicator work?
The oil temperature sensor is mounted on the rear engine case and provides a signal to the Engine Airframe Unit that is processed and transmitted to the Engine Indicating System for display.
How does the oil temp gauge work?
The oil pressure sensor is mounted on the rear engine case and provides a signal to the Engine Airframe Unit that is processed and transmitted to the Engine Indicating System for display.
How does the manifold pressure gauge work?
The manifold pressure sensor is mounted on the bottom of the induction air manifold near the throttle body and provides a signal to the Engine Airframe Unit that is processed and transmitted to the Engine Indi- cating System for display.
How does the percent power gauge work?
The display units calculate the percentage of maximum engine power produced by the engine based on an algorithm employing manifold pres- sure, outside air temperature, pressure altitude, engine speed, and fuel flow
Describe the oil system
a wet-sump, high-pressure oil system with a 7 quart capacity sump
How does the oil circualte the engine
Suction strainer Oil filter Oil cooler or Releif valve Oil galleries Engine or Prop Governor
Ignition and starter system
Two engine-driven magnetos and two spark plugs in each cylinder provide engine fuel ignition. The right magneto fires the lower right and upper left spark plugs, and the left magneto fires the lower left and upper right spark plugs
What is SlickStart?
The ignition and starter system includes SlickSTART™, which changes the ignition timing and adds energy to the spark to aid in starting. When the battery master switch is ON, rotating the switch to the spring loaded START position energizes the starter and SlickSTART™, and activates both magnetos. The switch automatically returns to the BOTH position when released, and SlickSTART™ is deactivated.
How does the Air Induction System work?
Inlets in cowling Papwer induction filter Throttle butterfly Manifold Cylinder
What if the air induction filter gets clogged
Should the dry induction filter become clogged, a pilot controlled alternate induction air door can be opened, allowing engine operation to continue
How does cabin heat work?
A muff type heat exchanger, located around the muffler, provides cabin heat
Describe the engine fuel injection system
The multi-nozzle, continuous-flow fuel injection system supplies fuel for engine operation.
How does fuel injection work?
The system meters fuel flow in proportion to engine RPM, mixture setting, and throttle angle. Manual mixture control and idle cut-off are provided. An electric fuel pump provides fuel pressure boost when needed. Fuel pump Power lever Fuel Servo Fuel injector manifold Injector nozzles
How is engine cooling accomplished?
Cooling air enters the engine compartment through the two inlets in the cowling. Composite baffles direct the incoming air to the engine and over the engine cylinder cooling fins where the heat transfer takes place. The heated air exits the engine compartment through two vents in the aft portion of the cowling. No movable cowl flaps are used.
Describe the propeller
The airplane is equipped with a constant-speed, aluminum-alloy propeller with a governor
How is prop pitch adjusted
Prop governor
How does the prop Governor operate
The propeller governor automatically adjusts propeller pitch to regulate propeller and engine RPM. The propeller governor senses engine speed by means of flyweights and senses throttle setting through a cable connected to the power (throttle) control lever in the cockpit. The propeller governor boosts oil pressure in order to regulate propeller pitch position.
What happens to the propeller blades when the throttle moves forward?
Moving the throttle lever forward causes the governor to meter less high-pressure oil to the propeller hub allowing centrifugal force acting on the blades to lower the propeller pitch for higher RPM operation.
What happens to the prop blades when reducing the throttle
Reducing the power (throttle) lever position causes the governor to meter more high-pressure oil to the propeller hub forcing the blades to a higher pitch, lower RPM, position
Describe the fuel system
A 56-gallon usable wet-wing fuel storage system provides fuel for engine operation. The system consists of a 29.3-gallon capacity (28 gallon usable) vented integral fuel tank and a fuel collector/sump in each wing, a three position selector valve, an electric fuel pump, and an engine-driven fuel pump.
How does fuel flow
Fuel tank Strainer Flapper valve Collector sump Fuel selector Filter Engine fuel pump Engine Gascolator
How does the engine fuel pump work?
The engine-driven fuel pump pulls filtered fuel from the two collector tanks through a three-position (LEFT-RIGHT-OFF) selector valve. The selector valve allows tank selection. From the fuel pump, the fuel is metered to a flow divider, and delivered to the individual cylinders.
How does fuel system venting work?
Venting is accomplished independently from each tank by a vent line leading to a NACA-type vent mounted in an access panel underneath the wing near each wing tip.
How many drain valves are there
5 R wing L wing R collector L collector Gascolator
How many fuel pumps are there?
2 Engine driven fuel pump Electric fuel pump for priming and emergency backup
How does the fuel pump operate?
Fuel pump operation is controlled through the Boost Pump switch Selecting ON energizes the fuel pump to deliver a continuous 23 psi boost to the fuel flow for priming, emergency backup, and vapor suppression in a hot fuel condition
How is fuel quantity indicated?
Fuel quantity is measured by float-type quantity sensors installed in each fuel tank and displayed on the Fuel Quantity Gauge.
What is “Target Fuel Flow”
Target Fuel Flow is a cyan pointer placed on the fuel gauge to aid in cruise power leaning. The cyan pointer becomes available on the fuel flow gauge at engine power settings below 75%. • NOTE • Target Fuel Flow is removed from gauge at low power settings (intended for cruise, not descent leaning guidance).
What is the fuel totalizer
The fuel totalizer monitors fuel flow and calculates fuel-to-destination, fuel used, fuel remaining, time remaining, fuel range, and nautical miles per gallon. Upon system startup, the fuel totalizer initial fuel screen appears and prompts the user to enter the total fuel on board at start.
White fuel CAS message
A white Advisory message is generated when either fuel tank goes below 8.2 gallons.
Amber fuel CAS message
A amber Caution message is generated when both fuel tanks go below 8.2 gallons.
Red Fuel CAS message
A red Warning message is generated when the fuel totalizer or sensed fuel quantity (left plus right) is below 7 gallons.
Describe the electrical system
The airplane is equipped with a two-alternator, two-battery, 28-volt direct current (VDC) electrical system
Environmental system distribution
Ventilation and cooling is provided by ducting fresh air from a NACA inlet on the RH cowl to the mixing chamber located on the lower RH portion of the firewall. Depending on operating mode and temperature selection, the air in the mixing chamber is ducted directly into the distribution system
How is heating accomplished
Ram air from the NACA inlet flows through the upper cowl and is ducted to the heat exchanger. The heated air is then routed to the hot air valve, mounted to the forward side of the firewall, which controls entry of hot air into the cabin distribution system. When the valve is open, the air flows into the cabin mixing chamber.
How is cooling accomplished
Standard cabin cooling is provided by ram air admitted through the NACA inlet on the RH cowl to the fresh air valve, mounted to the forward side of the firewall. When the fresh air valve is open, the air flows into the cabin mixing chamber. When the fresh air valve is closed, the cooled air exits into the engine compartment and is exhausted overboard with the engine cooling airflow.
How does the AC work
R134A refrigerant enters the engine mounted compressor as a vapor and is pressurized The compressor then pumps the vapor to the condenser where it cools, changes to a liquid, and passes to the receiver-drier.
Describe the stall warning system
The airplane is equipped with an electro-pneumatic stall warning system to provide audible warning of an approach to aerodynamic stall. The system consists of an inlet in the leading edge of the right wing, a pressure switch and associated plumbing.
What happens when the plane approaches a stall
As the airplane approaches a stall, the low pressure on the upper surface of the wings moves forward around the leading edge of the wings. As the low pressure area passes over the stall warning inlet, a slight negative pressure is sensed by the pressure switch.
How does pitot heat work
The Pitot-Static system consists of a single heated Pitot tube mounted on the left wing and dual static ports mounted in the fuselage. The heated Pitot system consists of a heating element in the Pitot tube
Describe the alternate static source
alternate static pressure source valve is installed on the switch and control panel to the right of the pilot’s leg. This valve supplies static pres- sure from inside the cabin instead of the external static port
How is power supplied to the PFD?
Redundant power sources provide 28 VDC for PFD operation. Power is
supplied through the 5-amp PFD A circuit breaker on ESS BUS 1 and the
5-amp PFD B circuit breaker on MAIN BUS 2. Either circuit is capable of
powering the PFD
What happens if there’s a display faylure?
the Integrated Avionics System automatically switches to Display Backup Mode
What powers the MFD?
Power is supplied through the 5-amp MFD A circuit breaker on MAIN BUS 3 and the 5-amp MFD B circuit breaker on MAIN BUS 1. Either circuit is capable of powering the MFD.
