Systemic Therapies

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

what the body does the the drug. pathway into, through and out.

Question 2

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

what the drug does to the body. Interaction of drug with the target.

Question 3

ADME

Answer 3

A = Absorption
D = Distribution
M = Metabolism
E = Excretion

Question 4

Bioavailability

Answer 4

Fraction of an administered drug that reaches systemic circulation.

Question 5

First Pass Effect

Answer 5

The decrease in bioavailability of an oral drug due to metabolism and excretion before reaching systemic circulation.

Question 6

What are cytotoxic chemotherapies targets and limitations?

Answer 6

Targets: All fast proliferating cells
Limitations: Nonspecific, high toxicity

Question 7

Chemotherapy drug categories (5)

Answer 7

• Antimetabolites
• Alkylating agents
• Topoisomerase inhibitors
• Anti-tumour antibiotics
• Mitotic inhibitors

Question 8

What are chemotherapies 2 mechanisms of action?

Answer 8

• Inhibits DNA synthesis and repair
• Interfering with cell division via mitotic spindle (mitotic inhibitor)

Question 9

What are targeted therapies targets and limitations?

Answer 9

Targets: specific cell signaling pathways
Limitations: cells can mutate pathways, resulting in resisting drug

Question 10

What are the 2 drug classes of targeted therapies?

Answer 10

• Monoclonal antibodies
• Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors

Question 11

What are Hormone Therapies targets and limitations?

Answer 11

Targets: Hormonal axes related to hormones exploited by cancer
Limitations: Toxicity due to hormone deprivation

Question 12

What are the 3 drug classes of breast cancer hormone therapy?

Answer 12

1. GnRH agonist = hyper stimulates GnRH gland
2. Aromatase Inhibitor = Inhibits Aromatase inhibitor
3. Selective estrogen receptor modulator = binds and blocks estrogen receptors

Question 13

What are the 3 drug classes of prostate cancer hormone therapy?

Answer 13

1. GnRH agonist = hyper stimulates GnRH gland
2. Anti-androgen = binds and blocks cancers testosterone receptors
3. Androgen Biosynthesis Inhibitor = Stops all tesosterone production

Question 14

Immune Checkpoint Inhibtors

Answer 14

PD-L1, checkpoint protein expressed by cancer cells. They bind to PD-1 o T cells to suppress immune response.

Question 15

What are the 4 steps of adoptive cell transfer?

Answer 15

1. T-cells extracted
2. T-cells reprogrammed to recognize and attack cancer
3. T-cells expanded
4. T-cells reinfused with patient