Systemic HTN

Question 1

Loose BP cuff causes?

Answer 1

-OVERESTIMATED BP

Question 2

Indirect measurement of BP?

Answer 2

-BP cuff! - Korotkof method

Question 3

Direct measurement of BP?

Answer 3

-Intra-arterial catheter

Question 4

New JNC 8 makes recommendations for BP therapy how?

Answer 4

depends on:

• age
• coexisting diseases (DM, CRD)
• race

Question 5

borderline HTN means?

Answer 5

BP only occasionally exceeds normal

Question 6

primary (essential) htn means?

Answer 6

-elevated systemic BP without known cause

Question 7

secondary HTN means?

Answer 7

-elevated systemic BP for which a cause can be identified (such as renal failure)

Question 8

accelerated HTN means?

Answer 8

-sudden loss of BP control in previously controlled person

Question 9

htn crisis means?

Answer 9

-any circumstance requiring rapid reduction of systemic blood pressure (BBP >140mmHg)

Question 10

HTN emergency means?

Answer 10

-need to lower BP within 1 hr

Question 11

Malignant htn means?

Answer 11

-hypertensive crisis with retinopathy or CNS symptoms (stupor…etc)

Question 12

htn encephalopathy means?

Answer 12

-CNS symptoms during HTN crisis

Question 13

hypertensive retinopathy grading:

Answer 13

1-arteriolar narrowing
2-AV nicking (arterioles cross over venules)
3-hemorrhages and exudates/scars (=MALIG HTN)
4-papilledema-optic disk/nerve swollen so vessel do not appear inside the circle but then appear going out of the circle(=MALIG HTN)

Question 14

CNS HTN consequences:

Answer 14

• decreasing cognitive function with age
• transient ischemic attach (intracranial atherosclerosis)
• stroke

Question 15

Kidney HTN damage:

Answer 15

• albumin leak - in urine due to intraglomerular htn

- nephrosclerosis - cant concentrate the urine

Question 16

Cardiac HTN damage:

Answer 16

• increasing LV mass - loss of LV diastolic function (poor filling)
• LV dilation

Question 17

Vasclar HTN damage

Answer 17

-SAH (systemic arterial HTN) one of major risks of CAD, HF, sudden cardiac death

Question 18

HTN presenting symptoms:

Answer 18

-asymptomatic!
-headache, dizzy, blurred vision (CNS)
-Chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations
-impotence
-epistaxis
hematuria

Question 19

most common form of target organ damage due to HTN?

Answer 19

-ischemic heart disease

Question 20

Drug of choice for HTN?

Answer 20

diuretics - thiazides