Systemic HTN Flashcards
Loose BP cuff causes?
-OVERESTIMATED BP
Indirect measurement of BP?
-BP cuff! - Korotkof method
Direct measurement of BP?
-Intra-arterial catheter
New JNC 8 makes recommendations for BP therapy how?
depends on:
- age
- coexisting diseases (DM, CRD)
- race
borderline HTN means?
BP only occasionally exceeds normal
primary (essential) htn means?
-elevated systemic BP without known cause
secondary HTN means?
-elevated systemic BP for which a cause can be identified (such as renal failure)
accelerated HTN means?
-sudden loss of BP control in previously controlled person
htn crisis means?
-any circumstance requiring rapid reduction of systemic blood pressure (BBP >140mmHg)
HTN emergency means?
-need to lower BP within 1 hr
Malignant htn means?
-hypertensive crisis with retinopathy or CNS symptoms (stupor…etc)
htn encephalopathy means?
-CNS symptoms during HTN crisis
hypertensive retinopathy grading:
1-arteriolar narrowing
2-AV nicking (arterioles cross over venules)
3-hemorrhages and exudates/scars (=MALIG HTN)
4-papilledema-optic disk/nerve swollen so vessel do not appear inside the circle but then appear going out of the circle(=MALIG HTN)
CNS HTN consequences:
- decreasing cognitive function with age
- transient ischemic attach (intracranial atherosclerosis)
- stroke
Kidney HTN damage:
- albumin leak - in urine due to intraglomerular htn
- nephrosclerosis - cant concentrate the urine
Cardiac HTN damage:
- increasing LV mass - loss of LV diastolic function (poor filling)
- LV dilation
Vasclar HTN damage
-SAH (systemic arterial HTN) one of major risks of CAD, HF, sudden cardiac death
HTN presenting symptoms:
-asymptomatic!
-headache, dizzy, blurred vision (CNS)
-Chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations
-impotence
-epistaxis
hematuria
most common form of target organ damage due to HTN?
-ischemic heart disease
Drug of choice for HTN?
diuretics - thiazides
