Acyanotic Heart Disease Flashcards
Pressure issues cause what in the heart?
hypertrophy
Volume overload issues cause what in the heart?
dilation
Most common form of chronic heart disease?
-ventricular septal defect (VSD)
most common type of VSD?
perimembranous
- just below theaortic valve on the left side of the septum
- adjacent to the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve on right side of septum
Perimembranous VSD - where?
- just below theaortic valve on the left side of the septum
- adjacent to the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve on right side of septum
- usually the tricuspid valve covers the hole a little so shunt is limited (restricle hole on Right SIDE)
Inlet VSD-where?
- by mitral and tricuspid valves
- posterior and inferior to perimembranous VSD
- low chance of closing spontaneous
Which VSD has best chance of spontaneous closure?
-muscular VSD
Outlet (supracristal) VSD
- where?
- common in which population?
- up by pulmonary valve (part of its rim is formed by the pulmonary and aortic annulus)
- asian population
- unlikely to spontaneously close
Why are atrial septal defects and ventricular septal defects LEFT to RIGHT shunt?
-because pressure on RIGHT side is HIGHER and pressure on LEFT side is LOWER.
(HIGH–> LOW)
Issue of VSD?
Cause both VOLUME overload (to lungs, LA, and LV) and also PRESSURE overload to lungs.
QP/QS ratio?
Significance
- pulmonary/systemic blood flow ratio
- ratio should be 1 but if hole you get a ratio>1
Patent ductus arteriosus - PE findings:
- tachycardia
- hyperactive precordium
- boudning peripheral pulse with wide pulse pressure
- Grade 1-4/6 continuous “ machinery” murmur at LUSB
If large patent ductus arteriosus what are findings on ECG?
with see LVH or LAE
Medication to encourage ductus arterisus to close?
-used on which kids?
- indomethacin
- only good in pre-term or within first few weeks after birth
- NOT FOR TERM INFANTS
What issues are common in Downs kids?
-ALL but es pecially VSDs and AVSDs
Atrioventricular septal defect- PE?
- downs
- hyperactive precordium
- 3-4/6 systolic regurgitant murmur at LLSB
Septal defect vs Outflow obstruction murmur?
outflow obstruction murmur is heart right away where as septal defect murmur may not be heard until pressure changes in heart occur to Post birth (orig high pressure right side and low on right needs to change to high on left and low on right side)
Aortic stenosis more common in which gender?
Males
ASD is more common in which gender?
-females
Coarctation of the Aorta - which gender more prevalent?
Male
