Acyanotic Heart Disease Flashcards
Pressure issues cause what in the heart?
hypertrophy
Volume overload issues cause what in the heart?
dilation
Most common form of chronic heart disease?
-ventricular septal defect (VSD)
most common type of VSD?
perimembranous
- just below theaortic valve on the left side of the septum
- adjacent to the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve on right side of septum
Perimembranous VSD - where?
- just below theaortic valve on the left side of the septum
- adjacent to the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve on right side of septum
- usually the tricuspid valve covers the hole a little so shunt is limited (restricle hole on Right SIDE)
Inlet VSD-where?
- by mitral and tricuspid valves
- posterior and inferior to perimembranous VSD
- low chance of closing spontaneous
Which VSD has best chance of spontaneous closure?
-muscular VSD
Outlet (supracristal) VSD
- where?
- common in which population?
- up by pulmonary valve (part of its rim is formed by the pulmonary and aortic annulus)
- asian population
- unlikely to spontaneously close
Why are atrial septal defects and ventricular septal defects LEFT to RIGHT shunt?
-because pressure on RIGHT side is HIGHER and pressure on LEFT side is LOWER.
(HIGH–> LOW)
Issue of VSD?
Cause both VOLUME overload (to lungs, LA, and LV) and also PRESSURE overload to lungs.
QP/QS ratio?
Significance
- pulmonary/systemic blood flow ratio
- ratio should be 1 but if hole you get a ratio>1
Patent ductus arteriosus - PE findings:
- tachycardia
- hyperactive precordium
- boudning peripheral pulse with wide pulse pressure
- Grade 1-4/6 continuous “ machinery” murmur at LUSB
If large patent ductus arteriosus what are findings on ECG?
with see LVH or LAE
Medication to encourage ductus arterisus to close?
-used on which kids?
- indomethacin
- only good in pre-term or within first few weeks after birth
- NOT FOR TERM INFANTS
What issues are common in Downs kids?
-ALL but es pecially VSDs and AVSDs
