Cardiac Eval in Children

Question 1

Heart disease in a newborn has a greater effect on height or weight?

Answer 1

WEIGHT

Question 2

respiratory distress child look?

cyanotic heart disease child look?

Answer 2

• they arent happy

- happy cyanosis

Question 3

Marfan syndrome

-issue?

Answer 3

tall lanky with chest (pectusextravaum or pectus caverantum or whatever); hyperflexible

• aortic root dilation
• aortic dissection

Question 4

Noonan Syndrome

-issue?

Answer 4

wide space eyes and nipples; sheild chest, short, mentally delayed

• pulmonary stenosis
• atrial septal defect

Question 5

Williams syndrome

-issue?

Answer 5

elastin gene defect=stiff arteries

-supravalvar aortic stenosis

Question 6

Muscular dystrophy

-issue?

Answer 6

-dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 7

Long QT syndrome

Answer 7

Torsades

Question 8

Mucopolysaccharidoses

Answer 8

abnormal protein and glycogen deposits on heart

Question 9

Ejection type murmur sound:

Answer 9

-crescendo and then decreshendo

Question 10

Pansystolic murmur sound:

Answer 10

pshhhhhhhhh - constant

Question 11

What is the only innocent murmur?

Answer 11

a systolic vibratory murmur

Question 12

Grade 1 Heart murmur:

Answer 12

-barely audible

Question 13

Grade 2 heart murmur

Answer 13

soft, but audible

Question 14

Grade 3 hear murmur:

Answer 14

moderately loud with NO THRILL

Question 15

Grade 4 murmur:

Answer 15

loud WITH PALPABLE THRILL

Question 16

Grade 5 murmur:

Answer 16

audible with stethoscope 45% angle

Question 17

Grade 6 murmur:

Answer 17

audible with stethescope off chest

Question 18

Systolic Ejection murmurs-name them

Answer 18

• aortic stenosis
• subvalvar or supravalvar aortic stenosis
• pulmonary stenosis
• branch pulmonary artery stenosis
• tetralogy of fallot
• coarctation of the aorta

Question 19

Systolic Regurgitant murmurs-name them:

Answer 19

• ventral septal defect
• atrioventricular septal defect
• mitral regurg
• tricuspid regurg (difficult to hear unless there is HTN)

Question 20

diastolic murmurs-name them:

Answer 20

• aortic insufficiency
• pulmonary insufficiency (difficult to hear unless there is HTN)
• mitral stenosis

Question 21

continuous murmurs-name them

Answer 21

• aortopulmonary or arteriovenous connection (patent ductus arteriosus; systemic to PA shunt (s/p surgery)
• disturbed venous flow (venous hum) (common in children)
• disturbed arterial flow (rare in children)