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VMED 162 > Systemic diseases > Flashcards

Systemic diseases Flashcards

1
Q

most common, most widely prevalent, and economically the most important bacterial pathogen of poultry

A

E. coli

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2
Q

Clinical signs & diagnosis:
1. blood infection (colisepticemia)
2. yolk sac infection
3. egg peritonitis

A

Colibacillosis

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3
Q

omphalitis & salphingitis

A

Colibacillosis

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4
Q

Predisposing factors:
1. contaminated water and feeds
2. overcrowding
3. poor ventilation
4. poor litter
5. ammonia
6. stress
7. immunosuppression

A

Colibacillosis

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5
Q

exudation in heart can easily migrate in abdomen to reproductive organs

A

Colibacillosis

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6
Q

magnify the effect of colibacillosis

A

cold stress

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7
Q

Encephalitis if migrated in the brain

A

E. coli

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8
Q

Control of coli

A

begin with: complete sanitation program in surroundings and various environmental stresses

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9
Q

caused by
Pasteurella multocida

A

Fowl cholera

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10
Q
  • septicaemic disease of chickens
  • disease occurs in several forms
  • wattle = filled with pus
A

Fowl cholera

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11
Q

Form of cholera

  • no preceding symptoms
  • sudden spike in mortality
  • apparently good body condition
A

Severe cholera

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12
Q

Form of cholera
* marked depression
* loss of appetite
* mucus discharges

A

Less severe cholera

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13
Q

Form of cholera
* birds that survive the severe disease
* depression, difficult breathing
* later manifestation: lameness, twisting of the neck, swollen wattles

A

Chronic cholera

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14
Q

cheesy exudates, bacterium

A

Cholera

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15
Q

severe form of ____ is so rapid that treatment is futile

A

Fowl Cholera

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16
Q

Fowl cholera

hemolytic or non-hemolytic?

A

non-hemolytic

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17
Q

Fowl cholera

gram stain?

A

gram-negative

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18
Q

caused by Salmonella pullorum

Mortality usually at the first 2-3 weeks

A

Pullorum disease

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19
Q

Vertical transmission:
* most important route of infection (in ovo)
* infected chicks shed S. pullorum through in feces
* other sources:
1. contaminated feed
2. water
3. litter
4. pedunculated ovum

A

Pullorum disease

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20
Q

Mainly a disease of young birds;
• chicks below 3 weeks of age
• rare in adult birds

A

Pullorum disease

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21
Q

Mortalities:
1. inflammation of the caeca (enlarged, distended with hard, dry, necrotic material)
2. distinct, small, white, necrotic foci (dead tissue) usually found in the liver

A

Pullorum disease

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22
Q

Clinical disease without external signs:
1. mainly poor production performance
2. at necropsy: pedunculated ova (oviduct)

A

Pullorum disease

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23
Q

Diagnosis for pullorum disease

A

Test the blood of breeders

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23
Q

Control for pullorum

A
  1. purchase infection-free replacement stock
  2. hatchery: salmonella free eggs
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24
Q

caused by Salmonella gallinarum

A

Fowl Typhoid

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25
Q

Vertical and horizontal transmission

Infected flocks signs:
• increased mortality (5-10% weekly)
• diarrhea
• depression
• declining production performance

A

Fowl Typhoid

26
Q

Diagnosis for fowl typhoid

A
  1. Isolation
  2. Plate agglutination
  3. (+) 2 weeks after infectoin
27
Q

Vaccination (bacterins)

A

Fowl Typhoid

28
Q

caused by:
* S. enteritidis
* S. typhimurium
* S. agona
* S. heidelberg

A

Salmonellosis Paratyphoid

29
Q

Vertical and horizontal transmission

rodents & beetles reservoirs

A

Salmonellosis Paratyphoid

30
Q

Infected flock:
* 3% chick mortality
* at the first 2-weeks of life

A

Salmonellosis Paratyphoid

31
Q

Clinical signs:
* may resemble pullorum disease
* (E.g., high mortality, poor uniformity, omphalitis, enteritis, peritonitis, splenomegaly, hepatitis, typhlitis or cacum inflammation)

A

Salmonellosis Paratyphoid

32
Q

Confirmatory for s. paratyphoid

A

Microbial isolation & ID

33
Q

Only vaccines for s. paratyphoid

A
  1. S enteritidis
  2. S typhimirium
34
Q

Clinical signs:
1. ruffled feathers
2. limping
3. hanging downwards of one or both wings
4. fever
5. severe depression
6. death

A

Staphylococcosis

35
Q

abrasion in foot pads

“cheesy exudates” in joint

A

Staphylococcosis

36
Q

Control:
1. Sensitivity tests should always be performed because antibiotic resistance is common
2. Maintenance of good litter quality will reduce foot pad ulceration

Slatted floor

A

Staphylococcosis

37
Q

Caused by
1. M. synoviae (serous arthritis)
2. E. coli
3. Staphylococcus aureus (purulent/Staphylococcal arthritis)

A

Arthritis – Bacterial

38
Q

Infection of the synovial fluid in the joints
* arthritis
* manifests as lameness
* inability to stand

A

Arthritis – Bacterial

39
Q

Morbidity and mortality may reach 20%, carcass quality is also reduced

A

Arthritis – Bacterial

40
Q
  • vertical & horizontal (Mycoplasma spp.)
  • horizontal (Staphylococcus spp.)
A

Arthritis – Bacterial

40
Q

Two (2) specific Reovirus serotypes that caused arthritis (reoviral arthritis C)

A
  1. S1122
  2. WVU 2937 (arthritis & tenosynovitis)
41
Q

Occurs worldwide; losses in broilers and breeders

can be a complication of
“Helicopter feather disease”

A

Arthritis
– Reoviral arthritis C

42
Q

Birds ±30 days old

lameness unilateral / bilateral arthritis (hock, stifle)

A

Arthritis
– Reoviral arthritis C

43
Q

gastrocnemius tendon may rupture

A

Arthritis
– Reoviral arthritis C

44
Q

Transmission:
1. vertical (egg)
2. horizontal (carriers)
3. fomites
4. poor hygiene

A

Arthritis
– Reoviral arthritis C

45
Q

Aka: Malabsorptive Syndrome; specific causal agents has not been identified
• most likely multifactorial in nature
• mapapatagal harvest

Specific reovirus strains (E.g.,1733) has been implicated

A

Runting-Stunting Syndrome

46
Q

Poor growth rate, elevated chick mortality (2-5%) at 5-7 days old
(morbidity up to 100%)

Yellowish feathering at 3-4 wks old
• abnormal wing feathering
• helicopter disease

A

Runting-Stunting Syndrome

47
Q

finger-like intestinal villi

A

Runting-Stunting Syndrome

48
Q

Inclusion bodies – fragments of viral DNA

A

Runting-Stunting Syndrome

49
Q

Vaccination at 4-5 days old with boosters at 30-40 days old

A

Reoviral infection

50
Q

can cause septicemia or endocarditis

spread through aerosols, oral route, injury

A

Streptococcosis

51
Q

Streptococcus species

A
  1. S. equi subsp zooepidemicus (S. gallinarum)
  2. S. gallolyticus subsp gallolyticus (S. bovis)
  3. S. dysgalactiae
  4. S. gallinaceus
  5. S. mutans
  6. S. pluranimalium
  7. S. suis
52
Q

Diagnosis for strep

A

Bacterial isolation

53
Q

localized or septicemic

Endocarditis and lameness occur at the subacute or chronic stages

Bloodstained feathers around the mouth and head

Hematemesis has been reported

Flock mortality: ±50%

A

Streptococcosis

54
Q

considered part of normal microbiota

clinical infections usually occur secondary to a primary pathogen

A

Streptococcosis

55
Q

Young birds are apparently more susceptible; birds are depressed, with cyanosis of the of the head

Enlarged mottled spleen, hepatic necrosis

Sub acute & chronic: paresis (weakness), paralysis, and death

Mortality may reach 30%

A

Spirochetosis

55
Q

(3) vectors of Spirochetosis

A

Soft-shelled tick vector: Argas spp.
Mites: Dermanyssus spp.
Mosquito: Culex spp.

55
Q

Caused by Borrelia anserina (spiral bacteria)

occurs in tropical countries

A

Spirochetosis

56
Q

Eradicate the vectors

A

spirochetosis

57
Q

Diagnosis of spirochetosis

A
  1. Giemsa stain slides
  2. Spleen inoculation
  3. Homogenate into SPF eggs
58
Q

(3) diseases associated with Fowl Adenovirus Infection

A
  1. Adenoviral gizzard erosion (AGE, Serotype 1)
  2. Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH, Serotype 8a, 8b, 11)
  3. Hydropericardium-Hepatitis Syndrome (HPS/HHS; Angara disease) Serotype 4
59
Q

Affected flocks show wasting, poor performance, and increased mortality

Synergism with other pathogens: CAV, MDV, NDV, etc.

A

Fowl Adenovirus Infection

60
Q

Transmission:
* Vertical (egg)
* Horizontal (feco-oral route)

Diagnosis:
1. Serology,
2. Histopathology
3. Necropsy
4. PCR

Control:
1. vaccination
2. farm hygiene (proper disinfection)
3. start with ____-free flocks

A

Fowl Adenovirus Infection

VMED 162 (8 decks)

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