Respiratory diseases Flashcards
Sudden, rapid, highly contagious disease characterized by abnormal respiratory sounds coughing, and sneezing
(Group 3 Coronavirus)
Spread by air, feces, fomites, carriers
North Dakota, USA, 1931
Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)
is the most common form of IBV in birds
fatal to chicks
Respiratory form
- there is marked depression
- urate deposits
Kidney form
- Epithelial damage
- poor egg production
- poor egg quality: albumen is thin and watery, “watery whites
Reproductive form
casued by **Avibacterium (Haemophilus) paragallinarum **
* facial swelling
* nasal and ocular discharges
Infectious Coryza
Spread by:
1. Drinking water contaminated with discharges from the nose
2. Air
3. Direct contact
Symptoms:
1. Sneezing
2. Mucus-like discharge from the openings of the nose and eyes
3. Swelling on the face
Diagnosis:
1. Marked swelling on the face
2. Discharges from the eyes and nostrils
Infectious Coryza
Prevention:
1. Improved management
2. Culling of birds
3. Good sanitation
4. Traffic control
5. All-in-all out system
Infectious Coryza
Caused by Gallid herpesvirus 1
* Described in the USA in 1925
* Distributed worldwide
* frequently regional/seasonal in incidence
Infectious Layngotracheitis (ILT)
Morbid birds:
1. poor growth
2. egg production
3. FCR = increased condemnation
Morbidity ±70-100%, mortality ±50%
Infectious Layngotracheitis (ILT)
Clinical signs:
1. Hematemesis
2. Hyperemic trachea,
3. Intranuclear inclusion bodies in tracheal epithelium
4. Gasping
5. Coughing
6. Dyspnea
7. “Pump handle respiration”
8. Respiratory discharges
Infectious Layngotracheitis (ILT)
Transmission:
1. Direct contact (carriers)
2. Droplets
3. Fomites
4. Winds
Infectious Layngotracheitis (ILT)
Severity:
is influenced by the, virus strain,
flock immune status, environmental conditions
Infectious Layngotracheitis (ILT)
What form of strain of ND has severe respiratory disease and symptoms?
(ND) Moderately virulent strain
Diagnosis for ILT
- Histopathology
- Serology
- IFT
- Isolation
- PCR
Caused by paramyxovirus serotype-1
* Java, Indonesia: first observed (1926)
* Spread to Newcastle, England
* Different types: some are highly virulent
* Others are moderate
* Certain others only mildly harmful
Spread by:
1. Inhalation
2. Ingestion
3. Fomites
Newcastle Disease
Is there a vaccine for ILT?
Yes
(5) strains of ND
- Viscerotropic Velogenic strain
- Neurotropic Velogenic strain
- Mesogenic strain
- Lentogenic strain
- Asymptomatic enteric strain
Humans: Transient conjunctivitis
Form of strain in ND
1. Sudden death
2. Depression
3. Weakness
4. Green diarrhea
5. Facial swelling
6. Nervous signs
7. Torticollis
8. Paralysis
9. Arched position body
(ND) Virulent strain
What form of strain of ND has no disease
a mild respiratory distress?
(ND) Mildly virulent strain
Is there vaccine for ND?
Yes
Clinical signs:
1. Hemorrhagic proventriculus, intestinal walls, cecum, and trachea
2. Necrotic spleen
3. Airsacculitis
4. ±4 weeks of shedding
Newcastle disease
What caused Mycoplasmosis?
Mycoplasma gallicepticum
is a severe airsacculitis; occurs when M. gallisepticum infection gets complicated by E. coli
Complicated CRD (CCRD) a.k.a. ‘airsac disease’
Respiratory tract infection (particularly the airsacs)
Mycoplasmosis
Confirmatory diagnosis for mycoplasmosis?
Demonstration of the organism
IP of Aspergillosis
2 weeks
a disease of very young chicks; caused by a fungus Aspergillus fumigatus
Infection by inhalation of spores from contaminated feed or litter
Aspergillosis
Affected chicks may
* stop eating
* * show symptoms of gasping/labored breathing
Aspergillosis
Main affected organ in aspergillosis, shows small nodules that are hard and yellow.
Lungs (hyphi)
Confirmatory diagnosis for aspergillosis
Isolation and propagation of the fungus
(2) special agars for aspergillosis
- Potato dextrose agar (PDA)
- Sabouraud agad (SDA)
Is there specific treatment for Aspergillosis?
NONE
(3) prevention of aspergillosis
- Moldy feed should be removed
- Feed containers cleaned
- Old litter remove
