Systemic Conditions

Question 1

Difference between sepsis + septic shock

Answer 1

Sepsis = life threatening organ dysfunction

Septic shock = more serious, sweats, rigors, SOB, confusion

Question 2

Red flags for sepsis

Answer 2

Unresponsive 
Confused
BP <90 or 40mmg drop 
Tachy >130 
RR >25 
Non blanching rash 
Not passed urine for 18hrs 
Lactate >2

Question 3

BUFALO management

Answer 3

Blood cultures, blood glucose 
U+Es, urine output 
FBC, WCC, CRP. Fluids (500ml NaCl 15mins) 
Abx
Lactate + ABGs 
Oxygen

Question 4

Sepsis screen

Answer 4

Blood, sputum, urine cultures
CSF
CXR, USS, CT

Question 5

When to give co-amoxiclav in sepsis?

Answer 5

CAP, UTI or skin infection

Question 6

When to give cefotaxime in sepsis?

Answer 6

HAP + meningitis

Question 7

When to give cefotaxime + metronidazole in sepsis?

Answer 7

Intra-abdo source

Question 8

What is the triad of death?

Answer 8

Coagulopathy
Hypothermia
Metabolic acidosis

Question 9

3 features of anaphylaxis

Answer 9

Sudden onset + rapid progression
Life threatening ABC problems
Skin or mucosal changes

Question 10

Management of anaphylaxis

Answer 10

Adrenaline 1:1000 IM 
IV fluid challenge (500-1000ml) - stop IV colloid 
Chlorphenamine 10mg
Hydrocortisone 200mg 
<6y/o = 150mcg 
6-12 y/o = 300mcg 
>12 = 500mcg

Question 11

What is the Cockroft Gault equation used for?

Answer 11

Calculates GFR which is necessary when prescribing a DOAC

Question 12

What is the NIHSS used for?

Answer 12

National Institute for Health Stroke Score

Used to assess disability after stroke

Question 13

What is the Glasgow-Blatchford score used for?

Answer 13

Used to stratify upper GI bleeding patients that are low risk

Question 14

What is the waterlow score used for?

Answer 14

Risk of developing pressure sores

Question 15

S+S iron OD

Answer 15

Abdo pain
N+V (bloody)
Circulatory shock

Question 16

Complications of iron OD

Answer 16

Metabolic acidosis
Hypovolemic shock
Hepatic + renal failure
DIC

Question 17

Causes of iron OD

Answer 17

Large excess of iron intake - usually young children who eat iron tablets

Question 18

Management of iron OD

Answer 18

Chelating agent such as deferoxamine

Dialysis

Question 19

What is iron overload?

Answer 19

Accumulation of iron in the body, usually due to hereditary hemochromatosis or repeated blood transfusions

Question 20

Investigation of anaphylaxis

Answer 20

Mast cell triptase

Question 21

Possible causes for unconscious patient

Answer 21

Hypoglycaemia 
Hypoxia 
Intracranial haemorrhage Infection 
Trauma 
Toxins - opiates, alcohol, antidepressants
 Liver/ renal failure 
Epilepsy

Question 22

What medications can be delivered via ETT?

Answer 22

Naloxone 
Atropine 
Ventolin (Salbutamol)
Epinephrine 
Lidocaine