Elderly - falls + confusion Flashcards
1
Q
Causes of falls
A
Motor problems - weakness, gait or balance impairment
Sensory problems - peripheral neuropathy, vestibular dysfunction, visual impairment
Cognitive probs - dementia, delirium, depression
Orthostatic hypotension
Polypharmacy
Environmental hazards
2
Q
Key aspects of fall prevention
A
Address risk factors Advocate exercise Review meds Vision assessment Home safety assessment + modifications
3
Q
Complications of falls
A
Risk of hospitalisation Risk in those with osteoporosis Hip fractures Remaining on floor after fall - dehydration, pressure ulcers, rhabdo, hypothermia + pneumonia Reduced mobility
4
Q
What are the subtypes of delirium?
A
Hyperactive
Hypoactive
Mied
5
Q
RF for delirium
A
Advanced age
multiple co-morbidities
Medications
Infection
6
Q
Types of altered consciousness
A
Delirium Dementia Lethargy Stupor Coma
7
Q
Causes of coma
A
AEIOU TIPS Acidosis/ alcohol Epilepsy Infection Oxygen/ opiates Uraemia Temperature/ trauma Insulin Psychogenic/ poisoning Stroke
8
Q
Causes of syncope by system
A
HEAD HEART VESSELS Hypoxia/ hypoglycaemia Epilepsy Anxiety Dysfunctional brainstem
Heart attack Embolism Aortic obstruction Rhythm disturbance Tachycardia
Vasovagal Situational Subclavian steal ENT Low systemic vascular resistance Sensitive carotid sinus
9
Q
4 types of dizziness
A
Vertigo
Lightheadedness
Presyncope (almost blacking out)
Dysequilibrium (unstable, off-balance)
