Chest pain + Hypertensive emergencies Flashcards
Urgent + other causes of cardiac chest pain
Urgent: MI, unstable angina, aortic dissection, tamponade, arrhythmias
Other: stable angina, pericarditis, myocarditis
Urgent + other causes of respiratory chest pain
Urgent: PE, pneumothorax
Other: pneumonia, pleural effusion, malignancy
Urgent + other causes of GI chest pain
Urgent: esophageal rupture, pneumomediastinum
Other: ulcers, esophagitis, GERD, esophageal spasm, pancreatitis, cholecystitis
Causes of MSK chest pain
Rib fractures, costochondritis
How does a STEMI differ from pericarditis on ECG?
STEMI has reciprocal changes
Which way does the trachea deviate for pneumothorax?
Tension = away Simple = towards
What is a hypertensive emergency?
Severe elevation of BP with evidence of end-organ damage
Causes of hypertensive emergency
Essential HTN, emotional exertion, pain, drugs (cocaine, amphetamine), tyramine food (cheese, wine), pregnancy
CNS complications of hypertensive emergency
Stroke/ TIA
Altered mental state
Seizures
Hemorrhage
Retinal complications of hypertensive emergency
Vision change, hemorrhage,exudates, papilledema
Renal complications of hypertensive emergency
Nocturia, elevated Cr, proteinuria, hematuria, oliguria
Cardiovascular complications of hypertensive emergency
Ischemia/ angina, infarction,dissection, HF
GI complications of hypertensive emergency
N/V, abdo pain, elevated liver enzymes
What is hypertensive urgency?
Severely elevated BP with no signs of end organ damage
What medications can you use in a hypertensive crisis?
Sodium nitroprusside Nicardipine (CCB) Fenoldopam mesylate (dopamine receptor antagonist) Enalapril (ACEi) Nitroglycerin Hydralazine Labetalol Esmolol Phentolamine
